Mechanical site preparation (MSP) is commonly used to enable forest regeneration of clear-cuts. Less intense methods may be more suitable from an environmental point of view, but such a method can result in the lack of natural regeneration. We compare the influence of three MSP methods on natural regeneration of Scots pine. The methods differ in their degree of soil disturbance. The effects of MSP by forest plough (FP), active plough (AP), and forest cutter (FC) on density, quality, and biometric parameters of one-year old seedlings were determined. The highest density of seedlings was obtained in the FP treatment (188,000 seedlings ha ). The best quality seedlings were found in the FC variant, and the worst -in the FP treatment. Most biometric parameters of seedlings did not differ by MSP method, except for the root length and root:shoot ratio. By the end of growing season, in the FP treatment, 1-year old seedlings formed a top bud more than twice as often as the seedlings from the AP and FC treatments. The FP method led to the best Scots pine natural regeneration. The results obtained in the FC variant were not as good as in the FP method, though they were still acceptable from the silvicultural point of view. The FC method was the least intensive method of site preparation, yet it is considered the most appropriate from the environmental (soil protection) point of view.
Podstawowym celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na wciąż niedocenianą w Polsce metodę badania zjawisk komunikacyjnych za pomocą tak zwanej krytycznej analizy dyskursu, której głównym reprezentantem i orędownikiem jest holenderski badacz Teun van Dijk, założyciel takich periodyków międzynarodowych jak “Text” oraz “Discourse and Society”. Zadaniem artykułu jest nie tylko syntetyczne przedstawienie głównych metodologicznych założeń CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis), lecz także osadzenie jej w szerszym kontekście teoretycznym, wykorzystując współczesną myśl socjologiczną trzech wybranych autorów – Jűrgena Habermasa, Pierre’a Bourdieu oraz Michela Foucault, którzy problematykę dyskursu sytuują w centrum swych teoretycznych rozważań. Nacisk położony więc został na teoretyczny wymiar problematyki, bowiem w przypadku badań jakościowych, teoria sprzęgnięta jest szczególnie mocno z procedurami badawczymi. Ponadto, dodatkowym celem artykułu jest skrótowe omówienie zastosowania omawianej metody do badań nad przekazami medialnymi.
The time of the pandemic has redefined most areas of social life. including the world of music in the broad sense. Paradoxically. the virus itself turned out to be a kind of culture catalyst. The aim of this article is to present—at the exploratory level—the subject of people’s practice of music during the COVID-19 pandemic. The text will discuss selected aspects and processes related to the practice of musical. The main focus will be on showing how the musical life of society— confined to the Internet out of necessity—has evolved during the pandemic.
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