Mass critical care caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 pandemic poses an extreme challenge to hospitals. The primary goal of hospital disaster preparedness and response is to maintain conventional or contingency care for as long as possible. Crisis care must be delayed as long as possible by appropriate measures. Increasing the intensive care unit (ICU) capacities is essential. In order to adjust surge capacity, the reduction of planned, elective patient care is an adequate response. However, this involves numerous problems that must be solved with a sense of proportion. This paper summarises preparedness and response measures recommended to acute care hospitals.
ZusammenfassungKrankenhäuser spielen bei der Bewältigung von Großschadenslagen oder Katastrophen eine entscheidende Rolle. Dies wurde durch die terroristischen Anschläge und Amoktaten der letzten Jahre in Europa besonders deutlich. Die Anschlagsnacht in Paris vom November 2015 hat eindrücklich gezeigt, welche außerordentlichen Leistungen Krankenhäuser in solchen Fällen erbringen können. Um außergewöhnliche Situationen und Schadenslagen bewältigen zu können, bedarf es seitens der Krankenhäuser einer detaillierten Vorbereitung – der Erstellung eines Krankenhaus-Alarm- und Einsatzplanes. Der hier vorgelegte Artikel beschreibt ausführlich die theoretischen Hintergründe der Alarm- und Einsatzplanung an Krankenhäusern. Darüber hinaus wird anhand eines Beispiels anschaulich gezeigt, wie die konkrete Erstellung eines Einsatzplanes erfolgt.
Purpose Rescue missions during terrorist attacks are extremely challenging for all rescue forces (police as well as non-police forces) involved. To improve the quality and safety of the rescue missions during an active killing event, it is obligatory to adapt common rescue mission goals and strategies. Methods After the recent attacks in Europe, the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance started an evaluation process on behalf of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and the Federal Ministry of Health. This was done to identify weaknesses, lessons learned and to formulate new adapted guidelines. Results The presented bullet point recommendations summarise the basic and most important results of the ongoing evaluation process for the Federal Republic of Germany. The safety of all the rescue forces and survival of the greatest possible number of casualties are the priority goals. Furthermore, the preservation and re-establishment of the socio-political integrity are the overarching goals of the management of active killing events. Strategic incident priorities are to stop the killing and to save as much lives as possible. The early identification and prioritised transportation of casualties with life-threatening non-controllable bleeding are major tasks and the shortest possible on-scene time is an important requirement with respect to safety issues. Conclusion With respect to hazard prevention tactics within Germany, we attributed the highest priority impact to the bullet points. The focus of the process has now shifted to intense work about possible solutions for the identified deficits and implementation strategies of such solutions during mass killing incidents.
Bewältigung von besonderen Bedrohungslagen Ergebnisse des bundesweiten Auswerteprozesses am Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe-Teil 1: Präklinisches Management Die Bewältigung terroristischer Anschläge, Amoktaten oder anderer Bedrohungslagen stellt alle Einsatzkräfte (die der polizeilichen und die der nichtpolizeilichen Gefahrenabwehr) vor extreme Herausforderungen. Nach den Anschlägen in Frankreich und Belgien in den Jahren 2015 und 2016 wurden auch in Deutschland mehrere Terroranschläge und ein folgenschwerer Amoklauf verübt.
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