Depression is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is associated with several poor outcomes. However the literature regarding treatment with antidepressants in this population is controversial. The aim of this paper was to systematically review all randomized controlled trials that studied the efficacy of antidepressants for depression in PD (dPD). Studies were retrieved from PubMed (1966-July 2012), Cochrane Library (-July 2012, issue 7), Embase (1980-July 2012), PsycINFO (1980-July 2012), Lilacs (1982-July 2012), secondary references, clinical trials registries and a thesis database. Only double-blind, randomized controlled trials in which an antidepressant was given as the main treatment and compared with placebo and/or another antidepressant were included. Out of the 1438 studies retrieved, only six could be included. Taking into account the five placebo-controlled trials, the overall risk ratio (RR) for response was 1.36 (0.98, 1.87), indicating no statistically significant superiority of antidepressants over placebo. However, in the sensitivity analysis, the RR for response was 1.41 (1.01, 1.96) and 1.48 (1.05, 2.10) after exclusion of one study with questionable results, and when only studies with low risk of bias were considered, respectively. No specific antidepressant class was superior to placebo. In general antidepressant medications were well tolerated. The results suggest antidepressants may be efficacious in the treatment of dPD. However, the results were unstable. In fact, the small number of trials and methodological drawbacks preclude definitive conclusions about their efficacy and tolerability in dPD.

The results showed a higher rate of depression in HTLV-1 infected individuals. It was not possible to determine whether depression was related to knowledge of chronic retroviral infection or related to a biological effect of the retroviral infection.

Approximately 80% of all women of reproductive age experience psychological and physical changes associated with the premenstrual phase. Cognitive alterations are among the most common complaints. In this context, studies have assessed cognitive performance across the menstrual cycle in healthy women and also in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The main objective of the present study was to review the literature on cognitive function in different phases of the menstrual cycle in women of reproductive age, both healthy and with PMS, in particular premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). We searched MEDLINE and LILACS databases. A total of 27 studies were selected. The studies used heterogeneous methodologies. Most studies suggested that healthy women show small fluctuations in cognitive performance across the menstrual cycle, with low performance scores in the luteal phase for visuospatial and motor skills, attention and concentration, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, and reaction time. Among women with PMS or PMDD, low performance scores for visuospatial and motor skills, attention and concentration, verbal memory, working memory, reaction time and impulsivity were also detected in the luteal phase. Symptoms observed in PMS/PMDD patients showed low intensity, but greater when compared with healthy women. Evidence indicates fluctuations in cognitive performance in the different phases of the menstrual cycle in healthy and PMS women, with worse performance for women with PMS/PMDD in the luteal phase. However, methodological limitations prevent us from drawing solid conclusions. Further studies are needed to investigate the impact of these cognitive fluctuations on patients' daily activities.

Background: Individuals with serious mental illnesses compose a group particularly vulnerable to victimization. This major susceptibility to violent crimes is due to the impairment of their cognitive functions and to the living conditions of these individuals. Objectives: This paper aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature about the occurrence and factors associated with victimization in this population, in addition to evaluate the national literature about the subject. Methods: Publications that assessed the prevalence of victimization in individuals with serious mental illness were analyzed. Medline (1966 to February 2013 and Lilacs (1982 to February 2013 databases were searched. Separate searches were conducted for the keywords "mental illness", "psychiatric disorder(s)", "mental disorder(s)", "schizophrenia", "psychosis", "psychotic", "depression", "bipolar", combined with each of the following keywords: "victimization", "victimisation", "sexual abuse", "physical abuse". Results: Twenty papers were found. There were no publications on the topic in national and Latin-American literature. Although they differ in methodology, in the concept of victimization and in sociodemographic and clinical variables, the studies showed that patients with serious mental disorders present higher risk of victimization when compared to the general population. The main factors associated with victimization were: substance use, young age, severe symptomatology, recent history of violence perpetration, criminal history, male gender, and homelessness. Discussion: Individuals with serious mental disorders show high rates of victimization. The subject deserves further studies in our area.

ResumoObjetivo: A associação entre depressão e viroses é estudada há quase dois séculos, com resultados conflitantes. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma análise crítica dos estudos existentes na literatura sobre essa relação. Métodos: A pesquisa bibliográfica utilizou as fontes eletrônicas de busca MEDLINE e LILACS (1966 a agosto 2005). As referências dos artigos foram utilizadas como fonte adicional de consulta. Resultados: Foram abordados os trabalhos que trataram da associação entre depressão e os vírus HIV, HCV, EBV, influenza, HSV, HBV, HAV, BDV e HTLV. A relação entre HIV e depressão mostrou-se bem documentada na literatura. Existem indícios de que a prevalência desse transtorno nos indivíduos infectados pelo HIV seja maior que a encontrada nos soronegativos. Além disso, estudos constataram que a depressão está associada a pior prognóstico da infecção. Quanto à associação entre HCV e depressão, os trabalhos sugeriram maior prevalência desse transtorno psiquiátrico nos portadores do HCV comparados à população geral. Não existem evidências científicas suficientes para dar suporte à relação entre os demais vírus e depressão. Conclusão: As associações mais bem fundamentadas foram aquelas entre depressão e os vírus HIV e HCV. A relação entre as demais viroses e depressão precisa ser mais bem estudada, e trabalhos com delineamento adequado se fazem necessários. Palavras-chave: depressão, viroses, HIV, HCV, HTLV. AbstractObjective: The association between depression and viruses has been evaluated for almost two centuries now, with conflicting results. The objective of the present study is to perform a critical review of published studies in the literature about this relationship. Methods: Databases MEDLINE and LILACS were searched between 1966 and 2005 (until August). The references of the articles were used as additional source of data. Results: Studies about the link between depression and infection with viruses HIV, HCV, EBV, influenza, HSV, HBV, HAV, BDV and HTLV were analyzed. The association between HIV and depression was well documented in literature. There are evidences that the prevalence of this disorder in HIV-infected individuals is greater than that found in seronegatives. Moreover, studies concluded that depression is associated with a worse course of infection. Regarding the link between HCV and depression, studies suggested a greater prevalence of this psychiatric disorder in HCV-infected people compared with general population. There is not enough scientific evidence to support the association between other viruses and depression. Conclusion: The best-studied relationships were those between depression and viruses HIV and HCV. Regarding the association of other viruses with depression, more research is needed.