No abstract

Eleven putative LD‐1 locus homozygous cell donors were found by MLC tests in non‐con‐sanguineous families. Lymphocytes from each of them were used as stimulating typing cells in MLC! tests together with responding cells from the other homozygous cell donors and from 45 random unrelated individuals. Four of the stimulating typing cells were found to identify a determinant in non‐random association with IIL‐.A7; LD‐ 7a, three other cells typed for a determinant non‐randomly associated with HL‐A8; LD‐8a, and one cell seems to identify LD‐W5 in non‐random association with W5. Two possible additional LD‐1 determinants, LD‐oh and LD‐pm, were less well defined with two of the cells. The combined gene frequency of the five possible LD‐1 determinants is approximately 0.45 among Norwegians.

No abstract

The currently available phosphate binders are relatively inefficient and suffer from clinical side-effects of increased absorption of calcium and aluminium and the diarrhoea-inducing effects of magnesium. A new class of compounds based on mixed metal hydroxides has been developed and evaluated for their potential as phosphate binders. The mixed metal hydroxides were prepared using a standard procedure for hydrotalcite (Al2Mg6(OH)16.CO3.4H2O) by substituting Fe3+ for Al3+, with Mg2+ or Ca2+ as the divalent metal ion. Phosphate precipitation (binding) was examined at different pH values in aqueous solution and in various food mixtures in comparison with hydrotalcite, Al(OH)3, CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2 on the same weight-to-weight basis. A series of compounds with differing ratios of metal ions (Fe:Mg/Ca 1:2 or 1:3) gave analytically similar ratios to those predicted from the initial amounts added. CTFeCa bound > 90% phosphate in aqueous solution compared with 65% binding with CTFeMg, 85% binding with Mg(OH)2, and less than 30% binding for CaCO3 and Al(OH)3. The mixed metal compounds also bound up to 80% phosphate in various food matrices, which was relatively independent of changes in pH, compared with Mg(OH)2, where binding decreased from 85% at pH 3.0 to 25% at pH 8.0. Al(OH)3 and CaCO3 were relatively ineffective phosphate binders under all the conditions tested. The mixed metal hydroxides compounds show considerable promise as phosphate binders over those currently available and warrant further patient-based in-vivo testing.

No abstract