RESUMO ertencentes a Ordem Testudines e Família Testudinidae, os jabutis são répteis de hábitos terrestres, que estão distribuídos por diversos países tropicais, habitando também o Brasil. O jabuti-piranga (Chelonoidis carbonarius) se destaca como espécie frequentemente encontrada em cativeiro, seja por necessidade de manutenção de indivíduos que não podem voltar à vida livre ou por proprietários particulares que os mantém como pet. A manutenção destes animais em cativeiro requer conhecimento de seus hábitos e necessidades particulares, o que não ocorre na maioria dos casos. Devido à falta de conhecimento ou ausência de estrutura necessária, muitos animais acabam por desenvolver distúrbios relacionados à alimentação, estímulos ambientais, temperatura, substrato ou ambiente inadequados em que são mantidos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo relatar o caso de uma penectomia e celiotomia exploratória em um jabuti (Chelonoidis carbonarius) cativo, que apresentava apatia, anorexia e sinais clínicos compatíveis com prolapso peniano.Palavras-chave: Estase intestinal. Jabuti-piranga. Prolapso peniano. controle de temperatura, o que também pode ter levado a alterações em seu comportamento, alimentação e fisiologia de maneira geral. CONCLUSÃOAinda há muitos questionamentos relacionados à medicina de répteis. Esse grupo de animais possui peculiaridades diversas, extremamente diferentes de outros grupos, dificultando a tomada de decisão para uma conduta clínica e cirúrgica adequadas.A conduta de escolha para o tratamento, neste caso, foi de acordo com dados os bibliográficos disponíveis. Entretanto, os fatores predisponentes do prolapso peniano, os elementos que originaram as aderências entre as alças intestinais e o quadro clínico do paciente, possivelmente atuaram de forma sinérgica, contribuindo para o óbito do animal. PENECTOMY AND EXPLORATORY CELIOTOMY IN Chelonoidis carbonarius(SPIX, 1824) -CASE REPORT ABSTRACT abutis are reptiles with terrestrial habits that belong to the Order Chelonia, Family Testudinidae, and are distributed all over tropical countries, including Brazil. The redfooted tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonarius) stands out as a species found in captivity, either because of the need to maintain individuals who cannot be returned to the wild environment or because it is kept as a pet. Keeping these animals in captivity requires knowledge of their particular habits and needs, which does not occur in most cases. Due to lack of knowledge or lack of necessary structure, a lot of animals end up developing disorders related to inadequate feeding, environmental stimuli, temperature, substrate or environment where they are maintained. The present study had the objective to report the case of a penectomy and exploratory celiotomy in a captive tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonarius), who presented apathy, anorexia and clinical signs of penile prolapse.

Hemoplasmas are non-cultivable bacterial parasites of erythrocytes that infect domestic and wild animals, as well as humans. Their means of transmission and pathogenesis remain contentious issues and difficult to evaluate in wild animals. Procyon cancrivorus is a South American carnivore and occurs in all Brazilian biomes. In this study, we aimed to investigate occurrences of hemoplasmas infecting P. cancrivorus and to identify their 16S rRNA gene, in southern Brazil. DNA was extracted from spleen and blood samples of P. cancrivorus (n = 9) from different locations. Hemoplasma DNA was detected in six samples, based on 16S rRNA gene amplification and phylogenetic analysis. Four of the six sequences belonged to the “Mycoplasma haemofelis group”, which is closely related to genotypes detected in Procyon lotor from the USA; one was within the “Mycoplasma suis group", closely related to “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum”; and one was within the intermediate group between these clusters. Thus, these sequences showed that the molecular identity of hemoplasmas in the population studied was very variable. In five positive animals, Amblyomma aureolatum ticks and a flea (Ctenocephalides felis felis) were collected. The present study describes the first molecular detection of mycoplasmas in P. cancrivorus.

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year.Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum values were obtained from the animals in each season of the year. The samples were grouped in “cold” and “warm” classes as above. Repeated measures ANOVA were used in order to compare the influence of climate variation on hematologic variables. For this mater Bonferroni’s test was employed as post-hoc analysis. As results, the erythrocytes total count, hemoglobin value, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, absolute numbers of heterophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and total plasma proteins varied significantly (P < 0.05) between colder and warmer seasons. Erythrocyte values yielded significantly higher values in warmer seasons than in the other seasons. The seasonality was verified in erythrocytes total count (P < 0.001), hemoglobin value (P < 0.001), hematocrit values (P < 0.001) and differential white blood cell count (P < 0.001).Discussion: The hematological alterations detected in C. carbonaria were similar observed in similar studies in reptiles species and due to the distinct method and management used and different species, it was not possible to compare the statistical results. In previously studies, as a C. carbonaria, the hematological variations between climatic seasons were identified in other reptile species due particular ectothermic metabolism. The variation in total WBC count produced by seasons of the year had already been described in snakes, such as in South American rattlesnakes and in tropical snakes. Changes in metabolic activity may be influence in TPP values in reptiles when season of the year is included as a variable. In hibernating species, the variation in TPP values is attributed to hibernating behavior when the lower food intake led to a decrease in plasma protein levels. In the case of C. carbonaria, which does not hibernate, other variables could influence the difference between seasons. All hematological changes observed in studied animals confirm the influence of climate between cold and hot months, given the peculiar metabolism of chelonians. The results point out the importance is to consider the seasonal climate variations in the interpretation of hematological values of C. carbonaria under uncontrolled environmental conditions.