Necrotizing soft-tissue infection due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus is unusual. We report a case of necrotizing fasciitis due to V. parahaemolyticus in a 92-year-old woman with a history of chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus and malnutrition. Clinical evolution was fulminant and the patient died 6 h after admission. A review of all cases previously reported showed that the infection occurred in patients with underlying diseases through ingestion of raw oysters or inoculation via traumatic injury in marine environments. The mortality rate of all reviewed cases was 42.8 %. In conclusion, V. parahaemolyticus should be considered a possible causative agent of necrotizing fasciitis, especially in patients with underlying disease. Early diagnosis and prompt aggressive debridement associated with antibiotic therapy are essential in order to save the patient's life, because clinical evolution can be fulminant and mortality rates are high.