Neonatal intestinal obstruction is the most common surgical emergency in newborn. Ideally 2012; 45 : 6-10

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) has already been recognized as one of the important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The reported prevalence of CHD in live newborns tends to vary a lot due to various unrecognizable lesions at birth and lack of technical expertise. Aims & objectives: The ultimate aim of this study was to assess the birth incidence and pattern of congenital heart disease (CHD) using echocardiography in babies born in different government and private hospitals and also in different households. Results: Overall incidence of congenital heart disease in neonate in this study was 4.9 per 1000 live birth. Mean age of diagnosis was 22.5±4.6 days. Average weight of these neonates was 26.70 gm. 61.5 % neonates were female. 30.8% was preterm. Respiratory distress was the most common clinical presentation (76.9%). The commonest type of congenital heart disease was Ventricular septal defect (VSD) (61.5%). Maternal co-morbidity may have influence. 30.8% mothers had gestational diabetes mellitus. Hypothyroidism, hypertension and maternal infection may have co-relation. Conclusion: In this study, we have found that the overall incidence of neonatal congenital heart disease is 4.9 per 1000 live birth. A high index of suspicion and routine neonatal cheek-up may have key role in diagnosis. Mediscope Vol. 8, No. 1: January 2021, Page 27-32

Congenital short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare congen.it.al disease, Only about 37 cases were reported. Infants usually present with failure to 'thrive, recurrent vomiting and or diarrhoea. It is associated with significant mortality and morbidity, High degree of suspicion is necessary to diagnose this condition promptly. Early initiation of parenteral nutrition or surgery may result in a favorable outcome. We treated a case of infant aged eight-weeks presented with recurrent bilious vomiting and failure to thrive. On Laparotomy it was found that the baby had very short small bowel with malrotation. This case was reported and reviewed. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2014) Vol. 18 (1) : 35-37

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most frequent infectious disease, responsible for significant morbidity and mortality world wide. Poor outcome in CAP patients is directly related to pneumonia also to comorbidities both during hospitalization and long term after discharge. Objective: To determine the incidence of major cardiac complications in CAP patients. . We studied patients with association of CAP and ACE on admission or Patients with CAP on admission, developing ACE after 48 to 72 hours of hospital stay. Patients who were admitted with ACE but developed a CAP after 48 to 72 hours of admission and Patients with severe sepsis with a concomitant elevated troponin were excluded from the study. Results: Out of 1406 patients with CAP, 12.4% presented with cardiovascular events and 87.6% without cardiovascular events. In cardiovascular events, 79.3% patient had heart failure, 17.8% had cardiac arrhythmia and 2.9% had myocardial infarction. Subjects with hyperlipidemia had 2.10 fold more cardiac events than subjects without hyperlipidemia. A Subject with (PSI) <80 vs >80 had 3.16 (95% CI 1.18 to 8.47) times increase in odds having cardiovascular events. Hyperlipidemia and PSI were significantly associated with cardiovascular events. Conclusion: Major cardiac complications occur in a substantial proportion of patients with CAP. Physicians and patients need to appreciate the significance of this association for timely recognition and management of these events. Strategies aimed at preventing pneumonia in high-risk population need to be optimized.