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Individuals in Western societies generally look to their romantic partner to meet most of their intimacy needs. However, the level and the nature of the intimacy that partners share varies over the years and over the significant events they experience. Drawing from the literature, this is a review that integrates two approaches to understanding the cognitive changes in intimacy that occur over the course of long-term romantic relationships. It may be helpful for practitioners to teach partners how to identify their relationship-related cognitions and how to translate this greater awareness into the acquisition of new behavioral skills.

Bargaining is a form of decision making which occurs between two o r more individuals of some subhuman species of animals as well as human beings in dyads, multiperson groups, organizations, societies, and supranational systems. This article deals with human dyads.Theory and research on the impact of threats on bargaining outcomes are mixed: Some studies find that the use of threats impairs outcomes relative to conditions in which no threats are made; other studies find that threats may be used for signaling and coordination, improving outcomes. Similarly, the literature on the effects of promises is mixed Some studies suggest that promises lead to trust and openness, and lead to more profitable bargaining; other studies find that promises are used to deceive and manipulate the other bargainer, leading to leas profitable outcomes. There is little literature on the joint effects of threats and promises in dyadic bargaining.In the present study, bargainers playing a duopoly cross-maximization game (analogous to the prisoner's dilemma) were provided with either threat messages (T), promise messages (P), threat and promise messages (TP), or no messages, in a factorial design.Dyad profits were ordered T, TP, P, N; that is, dyads with threats made the highest bids and earned the greatest payoffs. Dyad members in the P and T P conditions used the promise messages deceptively to exploit each other. Dyad members in the T and T P conditions used the threat messages to coordinate choices at mutually profitable levels and punished defections from these high levels by the imposition of fines. Dyad outcomes were linearly related to the use of fines and the number of exploitative promises made.

A modification of the tachistoscopic letter detection task employed by Neisser (1963) was utilized to examine hemispheric differences in employing analytic and holistic processing strategies. Stimulus arrays designed to elicit either serial or parallel processing sets were presented to the right hemisphere-left visual field (RH-LVF) or to the left hemisphere-right visual field (LH-RVF). Subjects were explicitly directed to perform an analytic or holistic encoding process on both types of stimulus arrays. The serial array produced longer reaction times than the parallel array for both hemispheres. A RH-LVF reaction time advantage was found across both stimulus sets and instructions. In addition, an overall reaction time advantage was found for holistic instructions relative to analytic instructions, but this superiority was not effected by hemisphere or contextual stimuli.

The Multivariate Personality Inventory (MPI; Magaro & Smith, 1981), the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (HGSHS; Shor & Orne, 1962), and the Inventory of Self-Hypnosis (ISH; Shor, 1970) were used to investigate the relationship between personality style and hypnotic procedure in the determination of hypnotic susceptibility. On the basis of MPI scores, a normal college population was segregated into 5 personality styles: hysteric, manic, depressive, character disorder, and compulsive. The hysteric personality was found significantly more hypnotizable than the other personality types in the HGSHS induction context, whereas the compulsive personality was found significantly more hypnotizable in the ISH induction context. Results are discussed in terms of personality and situational factors in relation to previous hypnotic susceptibility research.