The Drosophila GATA factor Serpent interacts with the RUNX factor Lozenge to activate the crystal cell program, whereas SerpentNC binds the Friend of GATA protein U-shaped to limit crystal cell production. Here, we identified a lozenge minimal hematopoietic cis-regulatory module and showed that lozenge-lacZ reporter-gene expression was autoregulated by Serpent and Lozenge. We also showed that upregulation of u-shaped was delayed until after lozenge activation, consistent with our previous results that showed u-shaped expression in the crystal cell lineage is dependent on both Serpent and Lozenge. Together, these observations describe a feed forward regulatory motif, which controls the temporal expression of u-shaped. Finally, we showed that lozenge reporter-gene activity increased in a u-shaped mutant background and that forced expression of SerpentNC with U-shaped blocked lozenge- and u-shaped-lacZ reporter-gene activity. This is the first demonstration of GATA:FOG regulation of Runx and Fog gene expression. Moreover, these results identify components of a Serpent cross-regulatory sub-circuit that can modulate lozenge expression. Based on the sub-circuit design and the combinatorial control of crystal cell production, we present a model for the specification of a dynamic bi-potential regulatory state that contributes to the selection between a Lozenge-positive and Lozenge-negative state.
No abstract
Career opportunities in legal practice remain significantly gendered, raced and classed in many countries. In particular, features of the organisation and culture of law firms in an era of neoliberalism exemplify how patterns of disadvantage for women and minority ethnic lawyers are sustained. This paper introduces a special issue of papers on the ongoing challenges faced by women and minorities, particularly in the large law firm, -an increasingly important sector of the legal profession. Both the special issue and this paper focus on three initiatives -diversity, work-life balance and wellbeing -purportedly designed to alleviate such disadvantage. The paper argues that distinctive features of capital in the large law firm, while ignoring the structural and underlying conditions for creation and maintenance of such disadvantage, limit the potential of such initiatives at the same time as renewing disadvantage.
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A full understanding of Coleridge's achievement as acting Public Secretary in Malta 1805 has been constrained by a belief in a greater destruction of relevant materials than may actually have been the case.[2] The purpose of this article is to describe and briefly contextualise a range of pertinent materials available in Malta that may be of interest to scholars interested in Coleridge's Malta period. Preliminary RemarksThe role of the British officials in the early years of the British occupation was at least to keep open the possibility of securing Malta for the British Empire. The broad strategy was a principle of continuity by which the constitution, laws, governmental institutions and administrative practices of the last legitimate government were continued by the new rulers.[3] The system continued by the British was that in force under the Knights Hospitaller of the Order of St John of Jerusalem who had had possession of the Islands from 1530 until the French invasion of 1798. At its head was the Grandmaster who exercised autocratic authority, including the power to enact new laws. Under the Maltese constitution, the Grandmaster's powers were almost completely unfettered: and the British Civil Commissioners, for the purposes of Maltese law, effectively stepped into the shoes of the Grandmaster. Naturally, however, they were subject to instructions from time to time issued by the British Secretary of State for war and the Colonies as to the conduct of their Administrations, albeit that these instructions did not create legally binding limitations on their powers.
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