Each year thousands of individuals are injured on the job. With effective medical treatment, musculoskeletal injuries heal and most individuals returned to· work; however, some do not make the transition from medical treatment back to work. Through selfefficacy theory Bandura' s ( 1977) postulates that individuals maintain considerable influence over the outcome of their experience based on their self-perceptions. However, research is lacking on whether individuals with higher levels of work self-efficacy are more likely to return to work sooner following an injury than individuals with lower levels of work self-efficacy. Therefore, through this exploratory research, the Return to Work Self-Efficacy Scale was developed and tested through in-person interviews with a convenience sample of 19 participants who were injured on the job; were in receipt of Workers' Compensation benefits; and were attending their final treatment at an Occupation Rehabilitation Program, Canadian Back Institute. Analysis revealed that individuals with a high level of work self-efficacy, also presented with a high level of coping with pain self-efficacy, a high level of physical function self-efficacy, a high level of coping with symptoms self-efficacy. These individuals were more likely to return to work following injury than their lower level of self-efficacy counterparts. The research concludes with recommendations for further study.