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Real-time imaging in the terahertz (THz) spectral range was achieved using a 3.6-THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) and an uncooled, 160x120 pixel microbolometer camera fitted with a picarin lens. Noise equivalent temperature difference of the camera in the 1-5 THz frequency range was calculated to be at least 3 K, confirming the need for external THz illumination when imaging in this frequency regime. After evaluating the effects of various operating parameters on laser performance, the QCL found to perform optimally at 1.9 A in pulsed mode with a 300 kHz repetition rate and 10-20% duty cycle; average output power was approximately 1 mW. Under this scheme, a series of metallic objects were imaged while wrapped in various obscurants. Single-frame and extended video recordings demonstrate strong contrast between metallic materials and those of plastic, cloth, and paper-supporting the viability of this imaging technology in security screening applications. Thermal effects arising from Joule heating of the laser were found to be the dominant issue affecting output power and image quality; these effects were mitigated by limiting laser pulse widths to 670 ns and operating the system under closed-cycle refrigeration at a temperature of 10 K.

We report the use of a 160×120 pixel microbolometer camera, under illumination by a milliwatt-scale 3.6 THz quantum cascade laser, for real-time imaging of materials which are exclusively nonmetallic in character. By minimizing diffraction effects suffered by the camera system and operating the laser at bias currents approaching saturation values, an imaging scheme was developed in which overlapping samples of nonmetallic materials can be imaged with high fidelity and long persistence times. Furthermore, an examination of various security features embedded within domestic and foreign currency notes suggests that this imaging scheme could serve a future role in detection of assorted counterfeiting practices.