ФГБУ «Федеральный научный центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация Изучение показателя качества жизни прижизненных органных доноров в трансплантологии с помощью опросников все чаще становится предметом клинических исследований. Однако не существует единых критериев и стандартных норм качества жизни. Каждый опросник имеет свои критерии и шкалу оценки. В настоящем обзоре представлены основные общие опросники, которые были применены в мировой практике для оценки качества жизни прижизненных доноров почки и фрагмента печени. Рассмотрены специальные опросники, применяемые для уточнения интересующих параметров качества жизни и их согласование с общими опросниками. Выявлен оптимальный опросник для проведения современных исследований качества жизни прижизненных органных доноров.Ключевые слова: прижизненный донор; качество жизни; опросник SF-36. aSSeSSMenT MeThODS Of QualiTY Of life Of liVinG OrGan DOnOrS S.V. Gautier, V.K. Konstantinov V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian FederationThe study of quality of life of living organ donors in transplantation by questionnaires has increasingly become the subject of clinical studies. However, there are no unified criteria and standard norms of quality of life. Each questionnaire has its own criteria and evaluation scale. This review presents the main general questionnaires that have been applied worldwide for the quality of life assessment of living kidney and liver donors. Special questionnaires used to refine the parameters of quality of life and their coordination with common questionnaires are considered. Optimal questionnaire to detect quality of life in modern research for living organ donors is identified.

Summary In this paper the psychometric properties of the multidimensional fatigue inventory are established further in cancer patients. The MFI is a 20-item self-report instrument designed to measure fatigue. It covers the following dimensions: general fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced activity, reduced motivation and mental fatigue. The instrument was used in a Dutch and Scottish sample of cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. The dimensional structure was assessed using confirmatory factor analyses (Lisrel's unweighted least-squares method). The hypothesised five-factor model appeared to fit the data in both samples (adjusted goodness of fit; AGFI: 0.97 and 0.98). Internal consistency of the separate scales was good in both the Dutch and Scottish samples with Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.79 to 0.93. Construct validity was assessed by correlating the MFI-20 to activities of daily living, anxiety and depression. Significant relations were assumed. Convergent validity was investigated by correlating the MFI scales with a visual analogue scale measuring fatigue and with a fatigue-scale derived from the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist. Results support the validity of the MFI-20. The highly similar results in the Dutch and Scottish sample suggest that the portrayal of fatigure using the MFI-20 is quite robust.

Spirituality is an important theme in health research, since a spiritual orientation can help people to cope with the consequences of a serious disease. Knowledge on the role of spirituality is, however, limited, as most research is based on measures of religiosity rather than spirituality. A questionnaire that transcends specific beliefs is a prerequisite for quantifying the importance of spirituality among people who adhere to a religion or none at all. In this review, we discuss ten questionnaires that address spirituality as a universal human experience. Questionnaires are evaluated with regard to psychometric properties, item formulation and confusion with well-being and distress. Although none of the questionnaires fulfilled all the criteria, the multidimensional Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire is promising.

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Despite that the majority of the studies concluded that spirituality was associated with higher well-being, no definitive conclusions on this relationship can be drawn due to major methodological shortcomings of these studies. Longitudinal research utilizing spirituality and well-being measures that do not overlap in content is recommended.