The objective of this scoping review is to determine to what extent the recommendations on perinatal care protect breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. The review follows the PRISMA ScR Extension guidelines. The research was conducted in Scopus, Medline via Pubmed, and Web of Science databases from 1 March 2020 to 31 May 2021, using 392 combinations of keywords. We searched for reviews and original papers published in English providing recommendations on delivery mode, companion during labor, the possibility of skin-to-skin contact (SSC), breastfeeding, and visitors policy. After screening, 86 out of 8416 publications qualified for data extraction. The majority of them indicated that COVID-19 infection is not a sufficient reason for a cesarean section; however, on a national level, cesarean births in severely ill patients were overrepresented. A significant number of recommendations deprived mothers of the necessary support during their labor and stay in the maternity ward. A shared decision-making model was hardly visible. Only the earliest COVID-19 recommendations suspended direct breastfeeding; in later publications, decisions were related to the mother’s health, but other options of natural feeding were rarely discussed.

No abstract

The authors' aim in this article is to use a critical approach to analyse the modernisation process of the pedagogic supervision system in Poland, looking at change not as critics but (co)authors. Their aim is not to exploit the strengths of critical sociology when applied to the processes of innovation, but to use these strengths reflexively to arrive at a better understanding of change, and of the reactions and the behaviour of all the participants in the process, including their own role in the system and its possible dangers. The authors believe that for a sociologist involved in the change process, the reflexive approach is crucial so as to comply with ethical requirements, and that it enables an active, needs-oriented involvement when making decisions about introducing change.In this article, we take a closer look at the various consequences of the involvement of scientific expertise in the educational change process and then move on to discuss some possible scenarios. It should be noted that this involvement is our own involvement as academics responsible for the development of a new system.We adopt a constructivist paradigm. Constructivism assumes the plurality of interpretations and knowledge. The social constructivism described by Thomas Kuhn emphasises diachronic change in knowledge (Sady, 2000;Kuhn, 2001), but the process of change we are concerned with is understood synchronically. This means that discussion about the mutual positions of the subjects involved in this epistemological process should not be seen as the meeting of different, independent perspectives. In our opinion, this approach leads to the self-reflectivity that helps to reduce prejudices (Weinsheimer, 1988;Gadamer, 1993Gadamer, , 2004. Architects and Inhabitants: the pedagogic supervision modernisation projectFor a sociologist immersed in the critical literature, the words 'modernisation' and 'supervision' sound rather false. Modernisation (modernizacja in Polish) refers to the neo-liberal ideology of constant growth, criticised widely in both sociological (Dahrendorf, 1993; Wallerstein, 2004) and economic literature (Mishan, 1986). The requirement of primary accumulation, which is the basis of capitalism, is shown as a mechanism which, in order to function properly, needs constantly to accumulate new resources (Wallerstein, 2007). 'Modernisation' as a term is criticised on many levels -as an expression of cultural imperialism; as a correlate of neo-liberal ideology; as a mask of voracious capitalism. It is also presented, on the self-reflective level of sociological studies, in opposition to the paradigms after the linguistic turn, as a mainstream, naturalistic and positivistic epistemology.

(1) Background: Participation in youth sports is believed to protect against alcohol consumption. Although this concept has been questioned for over 40 years, the review of methodologically reliable evidence data is scarce. This review summarizes the state of knowledge on the association between practicing sports and alcohol consumption among adolescents (10–19 years old) and its moderators. (2) Methods: The review covers only random-sample-based and population research. A systematic search was conducted on Scopus, PubMed, and WoS, for articles published between 2000 and 2021. From the 1944 identified records, 139 advanced to the full-text review, and 32 to the final data extraction and quality review. (3) Results: About two-thirds of the studies, including all the longitudinal ones, showed a positive association between sport participation and alcohol consumption. The most common mediators were gender (males were at higher risk), discipline (odds for team sports were higher, but professionalization could reduce it), and race, which intersected with gender, putting white males at the highest risk. (4) Conclusions: Further longitudinal research based on random samples using standardized indicators, including psychological and social variables, may provide more consistent outcomes and allow for the identification of mediating mechanisms.

W artykule została podjęta kwestia wpływu transnarodowej mobilności rodziców na osiągnięcia edukacyjne ich rezydentnych dzieci. Wyniki badań opisywanych w międzynarodowej literaturze nie są jednoznaczne, co wynika ze zróżnicowania wskaźników sukcesu edukacyjnego, specyfiki systemów edukacyjnych i struktury zmiennych niezależnych oraz pośredniczących uwzględnianych w analizach. Polskie badania opierają się niemal wyłącznie na nielosowych próbach nauczycieli i dyrektorów oraz nielicznych, regionalnych badaniach prowadzonych na próbach uczniów. W artykule wykorzystano dane zebrane w 2014 r. w ramach badania sondażowego przeprowadzonego na ogólnopolskiej losowej próbie 4169 uczniów w wieku 10-19 lat. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na niekorzystny wpływ migracji pojedynczych rodziców (szczególnie matek) w przypadku uczniów szkół podstawowych na wyniki oceniania wewnątrzszkolnego. W tej kategorii wieku wpływ jest porównywalny z dziedziczonym statusem wykształceniowym, lecz praktycznie zanika w starszych kohortach.Słowa kluczowe: socjologia edukacji; socjologia migracji; rodzina transnarodowa; migracje rodzicielskie; osiągnięcia szkolne. © Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych