Evaluation of pedestrian wind comfort around new developments has become crucial when planning erections of high-rise buildings, with many countries directly requiring it for planning permissions. This paper describes a case study of a high-rise building planned in the centre of Birmingham, where rapid development requires assuming various development scenarios for the tests. Wind microclimate assessment was done according to the Lawson comfort criteria, which are considered an industry standard in the United Kingdom. This required not only measuring the mean wind velocity at each of the measuring locations but also an extreme value analysis. The basis of the assessment was wind tunnel model tests, conducted for three different development scenarios: existing development, existing development with the subject building and future development with all the planned buildings within the nearest surroundings. Including other planned skyscrapers was essential, as on the opposite side of the street one of the tallest buildings in Birmingham would be situated. Furthermore, three different seasonal circumstances were considered in the assessment: annual, summer (most time spent outside, therefore the strictest requirements) and winter (most harsh weather conditions). Pedestrian wind comfort was evaluated at about 80 measuring points, located along the main transit pathways and recreational spaces in the proximity of the development. A total of 18 wind direction sectors were included in the tests, with meteorological data taken from the Birmingham Airport station. The obtained results showed that a slight decrease of wind comfort was observed at certain locations, but not too severe and the adjusted development still fit within the assumed criteria, both in terms of comfort and safety. A variety of parameters chosen for the analysis-different development scenarios and weather conditions-allowed for a comprehensive and robust analysis of wind comfort conditions at the site.
, which focused on a planned high-rise building (165 m tall) located in Warsaw, Poland. The aim of the tests was to determine the wind action on the subject building's structure and claddings. A total of 383 measuring points were distributed on the external surfaces of the building. Local values of wind pressures and suctions at each measuring point were calculated on the basis of wind tunnel measurements using quasi-static extreme peak values envelope model. These values may be used to design the cladding of the building. However, in order to determine the global values of wind pressure/wind forces on the structure, a spatial averaging of these values is required. This allows taking into account the vortex scale in relation to the size of the building, that is, the fact that the peak values of wind pressure are not present simultaneously at each measuring point. Such an approach can render the results obtained from model tests closer to the reality. It provides a conservative estimation of wind pressure values without too large overestimation of the wind actions, which could result in unnecessary overdesigning of structure elements and larger material expenditure. The paper discusses in detail the method suggested by the authors and the obtained results. The results are provided in the form of 3D surface plots on the building's façades and global wind forces acting on the whole structure. The obtained results allowed the consulting engineers to adopt reliable and robust values of wind pressure acting on the structure. These values are calculated taking into account both the non-stationary, non-uniform nature of the wind and aerodynamic interference of the building's surroundings, which in large portion consists of other high-rise buildings.
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