No abstract

Quantum computers are the promising candidates for simulation of large quantum systems, which is a daunting task to perform in a classical computer. Here we report the experimental realization of quantum tunneling of a single particle through different types of potential barriers by simulating it in the IBM quantum computer, which here acts as a universal quantum simulator. We consider two-qubit and three-qubit systems for visualizing the tunneling process illustrating its unique quantum nature. We clearly observe the tunneling and oscillations of the particles in a step potential and in double-and multi-well potentials through our experimental results. The proposed quantum circuits and simulational techniques used here can be extended for observing the tunneling phenomena for multi-particle systems in different shaped potentials.

Background: Headache is a common health problem among health professional students which may negatively affect their academic performance and quality of life. The study aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, associated psychosocial factors and treatment seeking behavior regarding headache among the students of health profession. Methods: The cross sectional study was undertaken during April-September 2016 involving 339 students studying medical, dental and nursing health sciences in KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect all relevant information. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Headache Attributed Lost Time (HALT) index were used to assess subjective perception regarding intensity of pain over the previous 24 h and disability burden over the last 3 months respectively. Results: The one year prevalence of headache was 73.1%, of which migraine and tension type headache were 33.3% and 19.2% respectively. In majority (93.2%) of the students, the intensity of pain was mild to moderate. More than one third (37.1%) of students reported that headache was affecting their family, social and leisure activities with moderate-severe impact indicating high need of medical care. Logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender (adjusted OR: 2.67), problem in falling asleep (adjusted OR: 2.86), problem in staying asleep (adjusted OR: 11.11), soft drink consumption (adjusted OR: 2.22) and self dissatisfaction with own health (adjusted OR: 1.89) were significantly associated with headache. Conclusion: High prevalence of headache among the students of health profession necessitates designing of appropriate strategies to improve the quality of life in this population.

Microbial growth in soil amended with glucose was evaluated. Following the incorporation of glucose into soil, rapid evolution of CO2 occurred and was accompanied by a similar increase in bacterial numbers. It appeared that the amendment was utilized primarily by bacteria and was wholly expended within the first 2 days of incubation. Subsequently fungal growth was noted at the time the bacterial count declined. The developing bacterial population followed the typical sigmoid growth curve and a minimum generation time of 2 hours was obtained during the period 5 to 10 hours after adding the glucose. It was determined that the yield coefficient of bacteria produced relative to substrate consumed was 0.39 g of cell C/g substrate C. The energy expended by the population for functions other than production of new cell material, referred to as specific maintenance, was estimated to be 0.0036 hour‐1.