Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a relatively common condition occurring due to the morphological and physiological changes in the genitourinary tract during pregnancy. If left untreated, it may lead to acute pyelonephritis and adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. The objective was to determine prevalence, risk factors and etiological agents with susceptibility for ASB among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at a tertiary care hospital, Odisha, India.Methods: A prospective study with 200 pregnant women was conducted, over a period of 4 months, starting from 1st April 2017 to 31st July 2017. The mid- stream clean catch urine specimen was collected and processed in all the cases and other data were collected from the questionnaire given to them. The isolates from all the cases of ASB were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method and interpreted.Results: Prevalence of ASB in our study was 25.3%, with maximum prevalence among age group 21-30 yrs, during 3rd trimester, among multigravidae. Previous history of urinary tract infection (UTI), anaemia and diabetes have significant association with ASB. Klebsiella spp. was the predominant isolate in this study followed by Escherichia coli. Nitrofurantoin and Cefixime are safe and effective antibiotics against urinary pathogens in pregnancy.Conclusions: Undiagnosed and untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with complications during pregnancy. Hence routine screening of antenatal women for ASB during all trimesters must be considered for preventing the adverse maternal and foetal outcomes particularly with known risk factors like increasing age, multiparity and previous history of UTI.

Background India has the largest burden of drug‑resistant organisms compared with other countries around the world, including multiresistant and extremely drug‑resistant tuberculosis and resistant Gram‑negative and Gram‑positive bacteria. Antibiotic resistant bacteria are found in all living hosts and in the environment and move between hosts and ecosystems. An intricate interplay of infections, exposure to antibiotics, and disinfectants at individual and community levels among humans, animals, birds, and fishes triggers evolution and spread of resistance. The One Health framework proposes addressing antibiotic resistance as a complex multidisciplinary problem. However, the evidence base in the Indian context is limited. Objective This multisectoral, trans-species surveillance project aims to document the infection and resistance patterns of 7 resistant-priority bacteria and the risk factors for resistance following the One Health framework and geospatial epidemiology. Methods This hospital- and community-based surveillance adopts a cross-sectional design with mixed methodology (quantitative, qualitative, and spatial) data collection. This study is being conducted at 6 microbiology laboratories and communities in Khurda district, Odisha, India. The laboratory surveillance collects data on bacteria isolates from different hosts and their resistance patterns. The hosts for infection surveillance include humans, animals (livestock, food chain, and pet animals), birds (poultry), and freshwater fishes (not crustaceans). For eligible patients, animals, birds and fishes, detailed data from their households or farms on health care seeking (for animals, birds and fishes, the illness, and care seeking of the caretakers), antibiotic use, disinfection practices, and neighborhood exposure to infection risks will be collected. Antibiotic prescription and use patterns at hospitals and clinics, and therapeutic and nontherapeutic antibiotic and disinfectant use in farms will also be collected. Interviews with key informants from animal breeding, agriculture, and food processing will explore the perceptions, attitudes, and practices related to antibiotic use. The data analysis will follow quantitative (descriptive and analytical), qualitative, and geospatial epidemiology principles. Results The study was funded in May 2019 and approved by Institute Ethics Committees in March 2019. The data collection started in September 2019 and shall continue till March 2021. As of June 2020, data for 56 humans, 30 animals and birds, and fishes from 10 ponds have been collected. Data analysis is yet to be done. Conclusions This study will inform about the bacterial infection and resistance epidemiology among different hosts, the risk factors for infection, and resistance transmission. In addition, it will identify the potential triggers and levers for further exploration and action. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/23241

Background: Young teachers can skill for better teaching-learning ways can be acquired through structured and cheaper faculty training techniques. Microteaching can be adopted as one such measure to improvise teaching-learning skills among young teachers. Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted also to knew the impact of knowledge and perception regarding microteaching among postgraduate medical students and improvise on them. Also to knew the improvement in teaching skills after training and established the usefulness of this modality of microteaching by looking into its effectiveness. Materials and Methods: The participants were 29 1st year postgraduate students of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. One day microteaching workshop was arranged for them in the Medical Education Unit of KIMS. The participants were surveyed through questionnaires (A, B, C, D, and E). McNemar’s Chi-square test did this by comparing between pretesting and post-testing scores of Questionnaire A and D (Kirkpatrick level 1, 2, and 3) as well as B and C (Kirkpatrick level 4) by use of the STATA software. A three-point Likert scale (0 = Not useful, 1 = Doubtful, 2 = Useful) was used to assess the participants’ responses based on the qualitative analysis method from questionnaire E. Results: Pre-post testing revealed improvement in knowledge and perception about microteaching among the majority (P < 0.05). They improved skills-wise too (P < 0.05). All the participants believed that microteaching is useful with a score of 2 on a three-point Likert scale. Conclusion: The microteaching among postgraduate medical students before proper lecture is very much useful. This type of workshop and training should be done in regular interval.

Among nosocomial infections catheter associated urinary infection (CA-UTI) is one of the most common infection. Uro- pathogens isolated from CAUTI were more multi-drug resistant than from community acquired urinary tract infection (UTI).To isolate micro-organisms responsible for CA-UTI in ICUs, to find out antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates and to know the Impact of CAUTI care bundle on reducing CAUTI rate.A retrospective study was conducted from September 2017 to August 2018, urine samples were collected from 300 catheerised patients which were processed microbiologically and antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed. Out of 300 catheterised paients , 76 patients developed CAUTI. So the incidence rate of CAUTI is 21.7%. A sum total of 38,067 catheter days were obtained in the study period from the month of September 2017 to August 2018. CAUTI rate was found to be 1.9 per 1000 catheter days over a period of 1 yearOut of 76 total isolates 56 were Gram negative and 20 were Gram positive bacteria. Gram negative bacteria included Escherichia coli 19(25%), followed by Klebsiella 14(19%), Proteus8 (11%) Pseudomomas 6(8%), Acinetobacter 4(8%). Among gram positive Enterococcus species is 17(22%) followed by staphylococcus spp.03 (4%). Enterobacteriaceae showed high resistant to commonly used antimicrobials like Gentamycin, Ceftriaxone, Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin but were highly sensitive to Amikacin, ceftazidime, pipercillin Tazobactum, Imepenem, Meropenem. Enterococcus and staphylococcus were sensitive to Tigecyclin , Vancomycin, Teicoplanin and linezolid.The most common organism responsible for CAUTI is Escherichia coli followed by Klebsiella spp. and Enerococcus spp. Members of enterobacteriaceae are highly sensitive to Amikacin, ceftazidime, pipercillin Tazobactum, Imepenem, Meropenem. Enterococcus and staphylococcus are sensitive to Tigecyclin, Vancomycin, Teicoplanin and linezolid. Strict insertion and maintainance CAUTI care bundle reduces CAUTI rate. Prevention of infections attributable to these devices should be an important goal of health-care infection prevention

During this lockdown period, medical teachers conduct online classes using various Apps. The department of Microbiology wants to know the understanding of Microbiology from MBBS, BDS and nursing students. Also, the satisfaction and problem faced by faculty of Microbiology department. This is a questionnaire-based study. It was validated, and a pilot was conducted for modifications. The questionnaire was prepared in Google Forms. Three different questionnaires were prepared, two for students perception regarding online class and online assessment and the third one for the perception of faculty about online class and assessment.The opinions given were analysed, and feedback points were noted. The percentage level of satisfaction and usefulness was calculated with a 95% confidence interval. 75% of faculties agree that it is helpful to students. Most of the time, students attendance was more than offline classroom teaching. Students and faculty were comfortable with the Google form used for assessment & preferred MCQ & SAQ. All faculty & students face network connectivity errors during class and assessment. Response of BDS and nursing students were better than MBBS students. Online assessment can be done one week after the online class.The students (MBBS, BDS & Nursing) and faculty of the Microbiology department perceived moderate satisfaction and usefulness with the ongoing online classes and assessment during this crisis period. MBBS students & faculty expressed the desire to resume regular physical classes, especially for practicals and clinics. Problems faced by teachers and students addressed to Institutional authority to improve the online teaching-learning programme.