Objective: To assess the success rate of DOTS for tuberculosis patients and the secondary objective was to identify the factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to review the medical records of patients (n = 1113) registered at the Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) clinic of Government Infectious Disease (Govt. ID) Hospital, Guntur, India. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with the treatment success rate. Results: The overall mean success rate of TB patients was found to be 82.8%. Treatment success rate (TSR) was steadily increased across the years from 73.9% in 2015 to 84.3% in 2016 and 88.9% in 2017 while the death rate was steadily decreased from 11.2% in 2015 to 6.25% in 2016 and 4.33% in 2017. Risk factors significantly associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome were found to be HIV positive (P<0.001), smear negative (P<0.001), all retreatment cases (P<0.001), smoking (P=0.008), and alcoholism (P=0.019). Smear positive patients had lower death rate (3.9% vs. 10.1%; P < 0.001) and failure rate ((2.6% vs. 8.7%; P < 0.001) compared to smear negative patients. Patients tested HIV positive had seen significantly unfavorable outcomes in death rate (OR= 9.17,; P < 0.001) and treatment failure (OR=13.3, 95% CI= 7.31-24.17; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Implementing the DOTS strategy proved the satisfactory success rate in the South Indian hospital across three years. The unsuccessful treatment outcome was significantly associated with gender, HIV status, re-treatment, smear negative, smoking and alcoholism.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Objective: A validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed for canagliflozin in human plasma along with stability studies. Methods: The chromatographic separation of canagliflozin was performed on Zorbax XDB phenyl (75 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 mm) using methanol:acetate buffer (80:20 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The LC–MS/MS system consists of API 4000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with turbospray ionization and an AS8020 automatic sample injector. Results: The retention time of canagliflozin was 1.15 min and total runtime was 2 min. The multiple reaction monitoring was 462.5/267.1 (m/z) for canagliflozin and 466.4/267.2 (m/z) for internal standard (canagliflozin D4), respectively. The method was linear over the range of 10–7505 ng/ml. The calculated slope ranged from 0.0451 to 0.0502 and intercepts from 0.0102 to 0.0456 with coefficients of the determination of 0.9970. The overall mean recovery of internal standard and canagliflozin was 76.66 and 79.77, respectively. Conclusion: The method was successfully validated and it was found to be within the limits for accuracy, precision, and linearity and it is stable under analytical conditions used.

No abstract

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate Ocimum gratissimum mucilage as a novel superdisintegrant in the formulation of fast-dissolving tablets (FDT) of Biopharmaceutical Classification System-II drug (Ibuprofen) employing a 23 factorial design. Methods: O. gratissimum mucilage was extracted by seeds and it was subjected to physical, chemical, and micrometric studies were evaluated. To establish FDT of ibuprofen with O. gratissimum mucilage as a superdisintegrants in different ratios using direct compression method employing 23 factorial design. All the formulation tablets were evaluated pre-compression and post-compression parameters like dissolution efficiency (DE%) percent of drug dissolved at 5 min. Results: The mucilage was to be found fine, free-flowing crystalline powder, and excellent swelling nature in all suitable solvents and buffers. The Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry studies were indicated to no interactions between ibuprofen and O. gratissimum mucilage. All the FDT formulated employing novel mucilage shows good quality with regard drug content (98.05±0.31–99.39±0.54), hardness (3.6– 4 kg/sq. cm), and friability (0.12–0.15%). The optimized formulation batch shows less disintegrant time (30±0.06). In vitro wetting time was less (i.e., 90 s) in optimized formulation F2. The water absorption ratio of the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 99±0.56. The cumulative drug dissolved in the optimized formulation F2 was found to be 99% in 10 min. Conclusion: O. gratissimum mucilage was found to be a novel superdisintegrant which enhanced the DE when combined with crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium; hence, it could be used in the formulation of FDT to provide immediate release of the contained drug within 5 min.

No abstract