Background: Periodontal surgeries are often followed by post-operative pain and discomfort which is a major concern to both the clinician and the patient. Every effort is being made to reduce the post-operative pain, one amongst them being the pre-operative medication with NSAIDS like ketorolac tromethamine. This type of agent acts peripherally by inhibiting the release of prostaglandins and minimizing the local inflammatory response hence it may be advantageous in reducing post-operative pain and discomfort. Thus, the efficacy of preoperative ketorolac tromethamine administration on periodontal postoperative pain was evaluated. Material & Methods: Two groups of 15 patients each were selected for the study. One group received 20 mg ketorolac immediately before periodontal flap surgery, and the other group doesn’t received any drug. Combination of Diclofenac sodium 50 mg & Paracetamol 325mg tablets was provided as “rescue analgesic. The visual analog scale modified with using numerical rating scales and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale was used to estimate pain. Postoperative pain was assessed hourly for the first 12 h on the day of surgery, and 4 times daily on the 1st and 2nd postsurgical days. Timing and dose of rescue analgesic remedication were also recorded. Results: Results indicated that preoperative treatment with ketorolac significantly reduced initial pain intensity and delayed the onset of postoperative pain as compared to no premedication group. Incidence and amount of rescue medication consumption was small in ketorolac groups. No adverse reactions related to preoperative medication were observed. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that 20-mg ketorolac administered immediately before periodontal surgery was effective for alleviating the early postoperative painful sequelae, affected delayed pain levels and postoperative rescue analgesic consumption.

Background: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) acts as an indicator of subclinical inflammation. Inflammatory marker NLR significantly increases in prediabetic and diabetic patients. Periodontal therapy can contribute to diabetes control in diabetic patients with periodontitis. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate Neutrophil Lymphocyte ratio in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients before and after Non-surgical periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was carried with a sample size of 90 patients having Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Venous blood samples were collected from each patient at baseline and 1 month after delivering NSPT. NLR was assessed and comparatively evaluated before and after treatment. Results: There are significant differences in NLR values of diabetic patients at baseline and at one month post non-surgical periodontal therapy (p = 0.004). Mean NLR values are higher in diabetic patients at baseline (2.07 ± 0.55) compared to mean NLR of 1.37 ±0.46 one month after delivering NSPT. Conclusion: Non-surgical periodontal therapy significantly reduces the NLR in diabetic patients. NSPT may augment diabetes control in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Self-perception rate of bad breath is usually low. Unprecedented and massive use of face masks throughout the Covid-19 pandemic could have a bearing on increased self-perception of breath odour. Aims and Objectives: To assess self-perceived breath odour (SPBO) associated with unprecedented wearing of face masks amidst Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology:  A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 547 subjects. A well-structured breath odour questionnaire was sent to the participants utilizing online social media platforms. The data collected was assessed and statistically analysed. Results: Changes in self-perceived breath odour were reported by 190 participants. Females had higher SPBO than males post Facemask usage. Post pandemic SPBO were significantly associated with smoking, systemic conditions, and the period of face mask use and previous diagnosis of halitosis. Conclusion: Wearing of facemasks are pronouncedly associated with self-perceived breath odour which is highly associated with the time period of its use. SPBO after facemask usage is significantly more in smokers, those on medication and those having previously been diagnosed with halitosis. Keywords: breath odour, COVID-19, face mask, halitosis, self-perception