The study consists of building a hydraulic model that can account for the effect of the slope of the pipeline on the pumping system performance. The model system is about a single perforated pipe with several different sizes opening holes equally distributed along the pipe and connected to the pump at the inlet, while the other end of the pipe is closed. The model was applied and implemented in several cases of pipe slope level, uphill, and downhill. Results have been shown for the case of equilibrium between the pump and the pipe system that the pressure head at the beginning of the pipe will increase when is in an uphill slope but inflow decreases because of the deficit in the pressure head and flowrate at the middle and end of the pipe and vice versa. A reasonable agreement between the model and previous studies was achieved for the model validation and accuracy. Also, the study showed that there is a large change in pressure head and flowrate along the pipe due to the change in elevation along the modeled pipe. The capacity of the system decreases in the case of an uphill slope and becomes lesser than the design capacity and decreases with increasing the slope value. More power is needed to adjust the differences between the actual and calculated system curve, and in sequences increase the cost of the pumping and decrease the efficiency of the pump. While in the case of a downhill slope, the capacity of the system is higher than the design capacity. In turn, less power is required to adjust the design operation point and low cost of the pumping, but there is a slight decrease in the efficiency of the pump. Also, the study concluded that the slope of the pipeline is a key issue in the design of the pumping pipeline system to reduce energy consumption and cost. This study can be considered a useful tool to perform the pumping system under various conditions of the hydraulic system.

Dissipating the high kinetic energy of an open channel flow under sluice gates can have a significant impact on eliminating scoring of the riverbed at the downstream. This paper discusses the outcome of an experimental study consisting of 28 runs, with the aim of achieving minimum hydrodynamic forces and maximum energy dissipation downstream of hydraulic structures through stilling basins with directional diverting blocks, DDBs and straight wall baffle, and SWB. Stilling basins with a distinct configuration were made for this purpose. The hydraulic parameters that were involved were evaluated and experimentally analyzed using a rectangular flume in the hydraulic laboratory of the University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, Iraq. Two different kinds of DDB models were made of wood with a triangular form, and the striate line impact wall had intiidinid tininiidni. The study showed that the configuration characterized by two rows of DDB with SWB between them is the most effective in dispersing energy. Out of all the suggested constructions, the DDB are more effective with two or more rows, rather than the SWB, but they are subjected to forces in the flow direction.

The reoccurrence of sandstorms in Nasiriyah city (Southern Iraq) throughout the Summer season is a very important phenomenon and distinctive case that comes from the nearby regions. These storms restrict the financial activities of the city with expanded municipal effort as well as other well-being and environmental problems, and then bring a huge risk to the local residents. This paper uses Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing Imagery to dimensionally discover the reasons causing sandstorms, understand the changes within certain periods of time, and then measure the sand-plume coverage during storms. This work has also made an attempt to get the correlation between meteorological records and spatial outputs to predict the direction and coverage range of the predicted future sandstorms which could help to take protective and preventive measures for the sake of the human being. The periods between 1972 and 2018 have been adopted to study the phenomena by using the information archive of the Nasiriyah Meteorological Center together with NASA's open-source climate data and Landsat satellite imagery.