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Background: The critical size calvarial bone defect is a challenging problem in the craniomaxillofacial field. Till now, the golden standard for its reconstruction is the autografts which harbors multiple drawbacks as availability and morbidity. So, the use of Allogenic Adipose Derived Stem Cells seeded on Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) scaffolds offer an already made new tissue regenerate that can be stored in bone banks and used when needed.Material and Methods: 32 adult male albino rats with surgically created Calvarial bone defect (8mm) in the Rt. Parietal bones were divided into 4 groups; group I, control; group 2; reconstructed by DBM; group III; ADSC seeded on DBM and group IV; ADSCs seeded on prolene mesh. Evaluated 8 weeks post-operative by Gross Evaluation Score (proposed in this study), 3D CT scans with objective analysis by a software (ImageJ 1.47v) and histologically.Results: Bone healing is evident 8 weeks post implantation with bone formation 75-100% in 62.5% of the defects that is reconstructed by ADSCs and DBM. Conclusion:This study presents a beneficial method for reconstruction of critical size calvarial bone defects by an already made non-immunogenic new tissue regenerate.

The effect of captopril, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on angiogenesis in several reports remained unclear. Its effect on neovascularization in rat abdominal skin flaps was investigated. Flap elevation, based on the right superficial inferior epigastric artery was performed with or without the administration of captopril (10 mg/kg/d), Ang II (100 microg/kg/d), or captopril and Ang II cotreatment. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), microangiography, capillary density measurement, necrosis area determination, laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), AT1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunostaining were used to evaluate the effects of captopril and the interaction between captopril and Ang II on the angiogenesis. Ang II and captopril cotreatment improved angiogenesis more than Ang II or captopril alone. The reduction of necrosis, enhancement of vascular network formation, capillary density, VEGF immunostaining, and local blood flow were evident in the cotreated group. We suggest that Ang II and captopril cotreatment improves ischemia-induced angiogenesis and increased viability and vascularity of skin flap in rats.

The penis is an important genitourinary organ and its reconstruction needs certain requirements in order to obtain a satisfactory outcome. This paper presents modifications in the technique of total penile reconstruction utilizing the free radial forearm flap (RFF) including the use of the remnant phallic skin and corpora, the use of the deep inferior epigastric artery as a donor artery to supply the flap after transfer and the use of the saphenous vein to augment flap venous drainage. These modifications shared in improving the outcome as regards a better operative time, avoiding exposure of large vessels, namely the femoral vessels, and providing sensory and erotic sensation to the flap.

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