1 Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis from honeybee hives (honeybee resin), has anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and anti-bacterial properties. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of CAPE on Helicobacter pylori-induced NF-kB and AP-1 in the gastric epithelial cell line AGS. 2 Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to measure NF-kB-and AP-1-DNA binding activity. Western blotting was used to detect IkB-a and COX-2 expression in AGS cells cocultured with H. pylori. The antiproliferative effect of CAPE was measured by MTT assay. 3 Our results showed that caffeic phenethyl ester inhibits H. pylori-induced NF-kB and AP-1 DNAbinding activity in a dose (0.1-25 mg ml À1 B0.35-88 mM) and time-(15-240 min) dependent manner in AGS cells. Maximum inhibition by CAPE was observed at concentrations of 25 mg ml À1 (B88 mM) CAPE prevented H. pylori-and cytokine-induced degradation of IkB-a protein.4 Pretreatment of AGS cells with CAPE also blocked cytokine-and mitogen-induced NF-kB and AP-1 expression. Furthermore, CAPE suppressed H. pylori-induced cell proliferation and production of the cytokines TNF-a and IL-8. In addition, CAPE blocked H. pylori-induced COX-2 expression. 5 The inhibition of such transcription by CAPE could result in suppression of many genes during H. pylori-induced inflammation, and also provide new insights into the anti-cancer and antiinflammatory properties of CAPE.