The rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) is a fish which has a high economic value also became one of the most popular types of fish consumed by the Takalar people up to Makassar City. The high market demand makes the effort to catch fishermen become greater so that the pressure on this species also becomes greater. therefore this research is needed to provide information in the preparation of comprehensive and systematic management strategies by policy makers to maintain the sustainability and sustainability of Siganus guttatus resources in the waters. The scope of this research includes information on rabbitfish habitat, abundance, feeding habits, sex ratio, and gonad maturity level (GML), as well as to compare the distribution pattern, gut content and GML in seagrass and coral reef ecosystems. This research was carried out from March to June 2017 in Laikang Bay, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Rabbitfish samples (N = 336) were collected, comprising 293 males and 43 females with the size ranges of 11.2 – 35.9 cm and 8.4 – 35.4 cm, respectively. GML ranged from I – V. The GML in coral reef ecosystem was generally higher than in seagrass. The GML and number of individuals from the coral reef ecosystem were: GML I (133 fish), GML II (84 fish), GML III (30 fish), GML IV (12 fish), GML V (8 fish); whereas from seagrass ecosystem, GML I (12 fish), GML II (11 fish), GML III (2 fish). Gut content analysis found 36 phytoplankton species; the taxa comprising the highest percentages were Thallassiothrix sp. (69.24%) in the coral reef ecosystem and Oscillatoria sp. (26.34 %) in seagrass.

The introduction of many aquatic species into new habitats have been recorded to be invasive and later threatened the native species present in that habitat. The unique biogeography of the Wallace region, particularly Sulawesi Island characterized by having high endemic fauna. Several lakes in Sulawesi have experienced the population reduction of endemic species due to introduced species that become invasive. This paper intended to review the aquatic invasive species and their distribution in the Wallace region. The literature review revealed the number of invasive species introduced in the Wallace region varies from 1 species to 12 species, the highest found in Lake Tondano. This preliminary review record that Malili lakes are most researched, both for endemic species and invasive species, based on the number of publications found through an internet search, with publications on endemic species, are more than invasive species. Among 13 lakes in Sulawesi, 4 lakes, namely Lake Moat, Sidendreng, Wawanloa, and Masapi, have no record on aquatic invasive species. A similar situation also happens in Maluku. The information on the mode and reason for fish introduction into Appo Swamp in West Sulawesi and watershed in Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, is still lacking. All in all, the conclusive cause and effect of introduced species that become invasive on the endemic species in the region is need to be prove or unproven based on scientific data. At this time, the literature review has not been able to find documentation on marine invasive species in the Wallace region. As for invasive species management, prevention is better than eradication.

This study aims to examine the density, frequency and closure of mangrove areas. In addition, it also analyzed the ecological index (index of diversity, uniformity, and dominance) of mangrove vegetation in the waters of Ujung Batu, Flores Sea, Jeneponto Regency. This research was conducted using the 10 x 10 m2 transect plot method. The data obtained were analyzed to determine the density, frequency, closure and important value index (IVI) as well as to analyze the diversity index, uniformity and dominance index. The results of this study are; mangrove communities in the waters of the Ujung Batu, Flores coast, consists of types Avicennia alba, A. marina, A. officinalis, Sonnneratia alba and Rhizophora stylosa. A. alba dominates at the three observation stations (I, II and III). This is marked by the high importance (IVI) at all levels. The diversity index (H ') at the study site ranged from 0.36 - 0.51, indicating a low level of diversity. The Simpson dominance index (SDI) ranges from 0.34 to 0.54, indicating that one of the species (A. alba) dominates the mangrove area in the study site.

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This study aims to determine the population dynamics of tuna including age group, growth, mortality, exploitation rate and yield per recruitment. It was conducted from June to August in West Waters of South Sulawesi. By method of age group using Bhattacharya method with FAO-ICLARM Fish Stock Assessment Tools II (FISAT II) program, growth using Von Bertalanffy’s equation, natural mortality (M) using Pauly’s empirical equation, total mortality (Z) using Beverton and Holt’s equations, fishing mortality (F) by the formula Z = F + M, exploitation (E) using Baverton and Holt’s equations and yield per recruitment (Y/R’) using Baverton and Holt’s equations. The results of research of tuna observed were 737 includes 355 male tunas and 382 female tunas. The estimation of total length ranging from 215 mm to 429 mm. Male tunas are classified into 4 (four) of age groups with a length of 236.67, 272.8, 326.04 and 375.53 mm, respectively. Asymptote length (L∞) = 455.00 mm, growth coefficient (K) = 0.33 and theoretical age (t0) of -0.2377 per year. Total mortality rate (Z) = 1.12 per year. Natural mortality (M) = 0.41 per year, fishing mortality (F) = 0.71, exploitation (E) = 0.63 and yield per recruitment (Y/R’) = 0.0691, while male tunas are classified into 5 (five) of age groups with a length of 235.73, 272.86, 326.89, 360.89 and 408.89 mm, respectively. Asymptote length (L∞) = 453.50 mm, growth coefficient (K) = 0.42 and theoretical age (t0) of -0.1853 per year. Total mortality rate (Z) = 1.35 per year. Natural mortality (M) = 0.48 per year, fishing mortality (F) = 0.87, exploitation (E) = 0.64 and yield per recruitment (Y/R’) = 0.0784. Thus, it can be concluded that tuna in West Waters of South Sulawesi have declined and thought occur overfishing.