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The article considers the prospects of using renewable energy sources in agriculture. The authors focused on the following types of renewable energy sources: Solar, biomass, wind, and hydro generated power. Based on the analysis of Renewables Global Status Report data, the authors identified a decrease in the amount of investment in renewable energy and fuel by developed countries in developing countries. This work highlights the main reasons for the development of renewable energy (environmental safety, energy independence), as well as positive and negative aspects of the transition to renewable energy. The authors of the article reveal the features of job creation in the renewable energy industries, which will compensate for the loss of jobs in the field of fossil energy. Much attention is paid to the economy of renewable energy sources, revealing the relationship between energy use and economic growth. According to the authors, the use of RES not only increase the level of energy supply to remote rural settlements, but also can have a significant positive impact on the economy of agriculture.

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The development of new forms of science and innovation at universities, as well as the interaction of higher education institutions with regional participants of the innovation system raises the question of evaluating the effectiveness of innovation as an independent phenomenon. Correct assessment of innovation activity helps the university to determine its strategic advantages, which is necessary in today's conditions of tough competition, uncertainty of the external environment, the lack of all types of resources, globalization of education. The authors examined the differences in interpretations of the concepts of "effect" and "efficiency" in relation to the innovation activities of the university. The authors analyzed the methodological approaches to the integrated assessment of the innovation activities of the university, presented in modern studies on this topic. The authors paid attention to approaches based on the integral index of innovation activity, as well as measurements of various types of actions within the framework of innovation activity. Among the main groups of indicators, research productivity, research quality, academic results, etc. are highlighted. The authors also pay attention to alternative approaches to assessing innovation, including the bibliometric (scientometric) approach. This approach has been rapidly developing in recent decades and is actively used in the compilation of various university rankings. The authors have shown the main advantages of the bibliometric approach, as well as the possibilities of its use for evaluating the scientific activities of both the individual scientist and the university as a whole.

The article considers the problem of low energy efficiency of the Kazakhstan economy and identifies opportunities for its improvement. The energy intensity indicator and the GDP structure by industry are analyzed relatively to developed countries and countries with similar climatic and territorial conditions. The legislation of recent years in the field of energy sector was studied, as well as a number of programs and strategies for energy conservation. The main problem points in the field of energy conservation and energy audit procedure are clarified by the authors. The prevalence of regulatory methods over economic ones in energy efficiency management in the country is reveled. The possibilities of using stimulating organizational and economic mechanisms for the development of energy saving as opposed to regulatory measures are considered. The use of a number of financial mechanisms to finance the transition of enterprises of Kazakhstan to the cost-effective energy conservation mode is justified.