Objectives: This study aims to compare the students’ performance in Obstetrics and Gynecology by using two teaching modalities, i.e., Flip the classroom (FTC) compared to Traditional lectures (TL) among final year medical students and assessment of the students’ satisfaction towards FTC as learning modality. Methods: An educational interventional study was conducted on 136 females final year medical students at Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia from September to December; 2017. Out of 40 core topics of Obstetrics and Gynecology, eight were chosen for FTC and eight for TL. The performance in each teaching modality was assessed by comparing the score of the students in multiple choice question (MCQ) and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in the final examination. The final performance was compared between the FTC and TL selected topics. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: MCQ and OSCE grades of students (n=136) were significantly higher in FTC versus TL topics, i.e., mean ± standard deviation (13.4 ± 2.7 vs. 12.3 ± 2.4; p < 0.001) and (33.9 ± 4.3 vs. 30.4 ± 4.7; p < 0.001), respectively. Almost 60% of the students expressed their satisfaction with FTC modality. Conclusion: Scores were significantly high for Flip the classroom topics compared to Traditional lectures. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2730 How to cite this:Tahir F, Hafiz B, Alnajjar T, Almehmadi B, Besharah B, Gari A, et al. Comparison of performance of medical students between two teaching modalities “Flip the classroom” and traditional lectures: A single center educational interventional study. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2730 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Objectives: To improve our local data and demographics of thyroid neoplasm in Makkah region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and provide some basic statistics for future studies in our local community. Methods: A record based retrospective epidemiological study was conducted and included 314 thyroid disease patients who were presented to our centers at Makkah region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between December 2009 and December 2019. Results: A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out. The average age was 42.77 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 3:1, and most of the patients were Saudi (77%). Fifty-seven percent of cases were benign, while in malignant cases, 33.4% were papillary thyroid carcinoma. The mean follow-up time was 15.44 months, with excellent compliance in 39.4% of the patients. Conclusion: Thyroid tumors have a leading incidence in head and neck tumors in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, mandating further studies to determine the causes and distribution in other regions of the country.

Background: Although conventional septoplasty is widely used to treat nasal septum deviation, it increases morbidity due to poor visualization, poor illumination, the need for nasal packing, and difficulty in evaluating of the exact pathology. These drawbacks are also encountered in endoscopic septoplasty. Our study aimed to compare the treatment and complication outcomes of conventional and endoscopic septoplasty. Methods: The authors searched five electronic databases for relevant clinical trials. The records were screened for eligibility. Data were extracted from the included studies. Outcomes were pooled as risk ratios (RR) or mean differences with 95% CIs using RevMan ver.5.4. Results: Our study included 13 randomized clinical trials with 735 patients. Our analysis revealed that endoscopic septoplasty was significantly (P<0.05) superior to conventional septoplasty for postoperative nasal obstruction relief, intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhage, and mucosal adhesion and synechiae across both long-term and short-term follow-ups. The following pooled RR values were found in short-term follow-up periods: [RR=1.20, 95% CI:=(1.09,1.32)]; [RR=0.27, 95% CI=(0.14,0.54)]; and [RR=0.16, 95% CI=(0.08,0.32)], respectively. Regarding persistent septal deviation and septal tear, endoscopic septoplasty had the upper hand only in short-term follow-up periods [RR=0.30, 95% CI=(0.17,0.53)] and [RR=0.26, 95% CI=(0.15,0.46)], respectively. Conclusion: Our analysis revealed that endoscopic septoplasty was significantly superior to conventional septoplasty in postoperative nasal obstruction relief rate and reducing the risk of intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhage, mucosal adhesion and synechiae, persistent septal deviation, septal tear, and surgery duration.

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