Highlights Tornwald’s cyst is a rare benign disease of the nasopharynx. The disease has a diverse clinical presentation, with the majority of cases being discovered incidentally. Nasoendoscopy, imaging studies and pathological examination can be used to confirm the disease. Endoscopic surgical removal is an excellent safe measure for disease management.

Background: The coronavirus pandemic has forced governments of different countries to implement measures to control the spread of the virus and improve health awareness. Medical students are thought to have a significant role in public health promotion. Although there are studies assessing the level of knowledge of COVID-19 among medical students, there are very few assessing the level of knowledge about the ocular manifestations of COVID-19. Therefore, this study aims to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the ocular manifestations of COVID-19 among medical students a medical college in Saudi Arabia. Methods: An online, questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the ocular manifestations of COVID 19 among medical students. Results: The level of knowledge about COVID-19 was adequate. However, there was a deficient knowledge regarding some aspects of ophthalmological involvement in coronavirus disease. Female students and those of higher academic years demonstrated significantly higher knowledge. Attitudes and practices regarding prevention of infection and personal protective measures were satisfactory. The main source of information about COVID-19 was social media and internet. Conclusions: This is probably the first study investigating the ophthalmological knowledge of COVID-19 among medical students in this region. The level of knowledge about COVID-19 was adequate but knowledge about some ophthalmological aspects was insufficient. Students had adequate knowledge about COVID prevention and personal protective measures. It is suggested to include knowledge of COVID-19 in the curriculum to fill gaps in the knowledge, especially in the preclinical years. Seminars and training programmes could also add to the same.

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Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a valuable technique for diabetes mellitus treatment. Patients with diabetes frequently monitor their blood glucose levels in order to identify hypoglycemia and modify their insulin dosage as necessary. In many large-scale outcome studies, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in the management of diabetes plays a vital role, contributing significantly to the outcomes. It is recommended that the patient keep track of their SMBG readings in a log book. For interpreting the SMBG findings, information regarding food intake, medication, and activity may be useful. An explanation of the practical components of the process is required to assess a patient's grasp of SMBG knowledge. For SMBG lancing treatments to be effective, the patient must have a thorough understanding of the stages involved. With many studies suggesting the benefits of SMBG other studies say that SMBG has little clinical effectiveness in improving glycemic control in patients with T2DM who are taking oral medications or eating a low-carbohydrate diet alone, and is thus unlikely to be cost-effective. However, if patients have the ability to modify their treatment dosage then it can be much more effective. In this review we will be looking at the SMBG techniques, outcomes and the relationship with glucose management.