AbstrakPenggunaan pestisida yang luas pada setiap tahap tanaman di Indonesia menyebabkan banyak residu pestisida yang tertinggal pada hasil pertanian maupun pada lingkungan pertanian. Residu pestisida yang terdapat pada hasil pertanian mempunyai dampak yang buruk bagi kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan. Berbagai macam metode telah dikembangkan untuk mengurangi residu pestisida yang terdapat pada hasil pertanian, baik pada tahap prapanen maupun pada tahap pasca panen. Metode prapanen meliputi penggunaan Agen Pengendali Hayati dan sistem pertanian Pengendalian Hama Terpadu, penggunaan pestisida non persisten, pengaturan waktu aplikasi pestisida, dan penggunaan arang aktif. Sedangkan metode pasca panen meliputi pencucian hasil pertanian, penggunaan ozon dan air terozonisasi, perendaman air panas, penggunaan radiasi ultrasonik dan pengaturan pH. Metode prapanen maupun pasca panen sama baiknya dalam menurunkan kadar residu pestisida pada hasil pertanian dengan memberikan hasil signifikan pengurangan residu pestisida antara 50 -100%.Kata kunci: hasil pertanian, pasca panen, pestisida, pengurangan residu pestisida, prapanen AbstractA broadly pesticide use on every planting steps in Indonesia causes many pesticide residues left on both the agriculture products and the agriculture areas. The residues existed on the agriculture products have bad effects on human health and environment. Several methods to reduce pesticide residues have been discovered, either on pre-harvest step or on post-harvest step. The pre-harvest method includes the use of Biologic Controlling Agents and Integrated Pest Management agriculture system, the use of non-persistent pesticides, adjustment of pesticide application time, and the use of active carbon. On the other hand, the post-harvest method includes agriculture product washing, the use of ozone and ozonized water, hot water submersion, the use of ultrasonic radiation, and pH adjustment. Both pre-harvest and postharvest methods have great influence on reducing pesticide residues on agriculture product up to 50 -100%.
The use of various types of active ingredients with high intensity pesticides in dealing with pest disturbances often makes farmers pay less attention to the negative impacts. Deltamethrin, sipermetrin, λ-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos are active ingredients of pesticides that are often used by cocoa farmers to control pests Helopeltis sp. spp. which is one of the main pests in cocoa plants. Field tests on pesticide application were carried out on cocoa plants with Helopeltis sp. spp. High. This test was carried out on 4 treatment blocks applied with different active ingredients. Pesticide residue testing was carried out on cocoa beans, before and after pesticide application using the QuEChERS method on GC-ECD. The results of pesticide residue testing showed that the use of λ-cyhalothrin pesticides did not leave pesticide residues, while sipermetrin pesticides left far fewer pesticide residues compared to deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos pesticides. The results of these pesticide residues are compared to the Pesticide Maximum Residual Limit (MRL) according to the European Commission Part A of Annex I to Reg. 396/2005, shows the results of λ-cyhalothrin and cipermethrin pesticide residues test under pesticide MRL, while the results of deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos pesticide residue test are above the specified pesticide MRL.
The use of pesticides in nutmeg still leaves an accumulation of pesticide residues that can endanger human health and damage the ecological balance. In addition, nutmeg with high pesticide residue content will be rejected by nutmeg export destination countries. This research was conducted to validate the method of testing pesticide residues of carbaryl, carbofuran, acetate, and dimethoate on nutmeg. This pesticide residue test uses the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) optimization method and is analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry). This method meets the validation requirements according to SANTE/12682/2019. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the analyte is below the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) set by the European Union through Regulation (EC) No. 396/2005.
Produksi minyak sereh di Indonesia merupakan salah satu yang terbesar di dunia. Akan tetapi, pemanfaatan dari minyak sereh masih sangat kurang. Minyak sereh diisolasi dari daun sereh wangi Jawa (Cymbopogon Winterianus Jowwit). Minyak sereh ini mengandung bermacam senyawa, salah satunya senyawa geraniol. Senyawa ini memiliki struktur yang sama dengan feromon yang digunakan oleh lebah madu (A. Mellifera) dalam berkomunikasi dengan lebah madu lain. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengisolasi minyak sereh dari daun sereh adalah metode distilasi uap. Pengkayaan kandungan geraniol dalam minyak sereh digunakan refluks. Distilasi fraksinasi vakum dilakukan untuk mengisolasi geraniol dari minyak sereh. Minyak sereh yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diisolasi dari 10 kg daun sereh wangi dengan distilasi uap dan menghasilkan minyak sereh sebanyak 42,5 mL (0,373%) dengan warna kuning bening mengkilat bau khas sereh. Data kromatogram GC-MS minyak sereh menunjukkan kandungan geraniol sebanyak 65,34%. Kandungan geraniol dalam minyak sereh meningkat menjadi 81,96% setelah direfluks dengan larutan NaOH dalam etanol akibat terjadinya reaksi hidrolisis geranil asetat menjadi geraniol. Geraniol diperoleh dari minyak sereh dengan distilasi fraksinasi vakum pada tekanan 110 mmHg. Geraniol yang diperoleh terbukti mampu menarik lebah madu.Kata kunci: Minyak sereh, geraniol, feromon, lebah madu
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