IntroductionThe aim of the study was to develop a Polish version of the Diabetes Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory (DQL-BCI) and to perform validating evaluation of selected psychometric aspects.Material and methodsThe translation process was performed in accordance with generally accepted international principles of translation and cultural adaptation of measurement tools. Two hundred and seventy-four subjects with type 2 diabetes completed the Polish version of DQL-BCI, the generic EQ-5D questionnaire and the diabetes-specific DSC-R. The examination provides information about the reliability (internal consistency, test-retest) and the construct validity of the studied tool (the relationship between the DQL-BCI score and EQ-5D and DSC-R scales, as well as selected clinical patient characteristics).ResultsCronbach's α (internal consistency) for the translated version of DQL-BCI was 0.76. Test-retest Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.96. Spearman's coefficient correlation between DQL-BCI score and EQ-5D index and EQ-VAS were 0.6 (p = 0.0000001) and 0.61 (p = 0.0000001) respectively. The correlation between scores of the examined tool and DSC-R total score was –0.6 (p = 0.0000001). Quality of life was lower among patients with microvascular as well as macrovascular complications and with occurring hypoglycemic episodes.ConclusionsThe result of this study is the Polish scale used to test the quality of life of patients with diabetes, which includes the range of problems faced by patients while maintaining a patient-friendly form. High reliability of the scale and good construct validity qualify the Polish version of DQL-BCI as a reliable tool in both research and individual diagnostics.

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Hypoadiponectinemia during GDM was characterized by a significant, reversible decrease in multimeric levels; thus this isoform seems to function in a cohesive way with total adiponectin. Negative correlations of adiponectin isomers with body mass index indicate that there is a possibility to normalize total adiponectin and prevent GDM.

Adiponectin (AdipoQ) is known as one of the major mediators of adipose tissue metabolism with beneficial effects on carbohydrates and lipids. The effect of low concentrations of adiponectin on the development of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease is quite well understood. However, there is still little research available defining the role of adiponectin in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (DM1) and its’ complications. Therefore, it seems appropriate to undertake research aiming to evaluate serum levels of adiponectin in the blood of patients with DM1 and to evaluate the correlations between this adipocytokine concentration and selected clinical data as well as biochemical parameters evaluated in routine diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes. The study included 40 patients aged 41.9±12.7 years, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and group of healthy controls (n=26) with mean age of 41.2±15.3 years. In serum samples of all patients single-time determination of adiponectin, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, glycated hemoglobin levels and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity were performed. The mean AdipoQ concentration was significantly higher in the study group than in healthy subjects (16.2±11.7 ug/ml vs. 7.3±2.0 ug/ml; p<0.001). Significantly higher levels of AdipoQ in women than in men with DM1 (23.1±14.0 ug/ml vs. 11.0±5.8 ug/ml; p<0.001) were found. AdipoQ was directly correlated with disease duration (r=0.539, p=0.003) as well as inversely with patients’ body mass (r=-0.423, p=0.025). Observed increased levels of AdipoQ in patients with DM1 with concomitant vascular complications as compared to patients without the complications, however not statistically significant, suggests that this protein may play important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy.

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