The aim of this study was to validate and report the factorial analysis of the World Health Organization's 5-item Well-being Index (WHO-5) among outpatients with type 2 diabetes. We investigated the psychometric properties of the WHO-5 and its suitability for identifying potential depressive symptoms in Polish adults with diabetes. Methods: Participants were randomly chosen among Polish diabetes outpatients and invited to participate in the cross-sectional study (N = 216). Participants completed the Polish version of the WHO-5, Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire. Results: Factor analyses identified the one-factor structure of the Polish version of the WHO-5. The internal consistency of the Polish version of the WHO-5 is satisfying. With regard to convergent validity, there were significant negative associations between the WHO-5 and PAID, the PHQ-9, HbA1c and the amount of medical complications. The AUC indicates that the WHO-5 is an effective measure for identifying depressive symptoms. The optimal cut off values of 12 yielded the best sensitivity/specificity trade-off for identifying depression among people with diabetes. Conclusions: The Polish version of the WHO-5 is a reliable, valid outcome measure for outpatients with type 2 diabetes and can be a useful instrument for screening for depression in people with diabetes.
Cel pracyCelem badania było przygotowanie polskiej adaptacji kwestionariusza SACS. Skala ta jest narzędziem samooceny przeznaczonym do mierzenia stosunku pracowników do bezpośredniego przymusu wobec pacjentów oddziałów psychiatrycznych.MetodaPróba składała się z 120 pracowników 7 oddziałów psychiatrycznych. Kwestionariusz SACS to narzędzie stworzone w Norwegii przez Tonje Husum, składające się z 15 pozycji opisujących podejście pracowników psychiatrycznej służby zdrowia do bezpośredniego przymusu. Procedura walidacji obejmowała trzy podstawowe metody, które należy zastosować w analizie niezawodności - porównanie podwójnych testów za pomocą tej samej metody, statystyczną analizę właściwości pozycji testowych oraz analizę relacji pozycji i podskal z ogólnym wynikiem testu.WynikiPo badaniu pilotażowym typu "Think aloud" i adaptacji językowej oceniono rzetelność. Alfa Cronbacha w podskalach mieściła się w przedziale od 0,57 do 0,81, a dla ogólnego wyniku wynosiła 0,82. Najlepszym rozwiązaniem uzyskanym w eksploracyjnej analizie czynnikowej był model trójczynnikowy, prawie identyczny z oryginalnym, potwierdzający podział na trzy podskale: przymus jako urąganie pacjentowi (postawa krytyczna), opieka i bezpieczeństwo (postawa pragmatyczna) oraz forma leczenia (postawa pozytywna).WnioskiWłaściwości psychometryczne polskiej adaptacji kwestionariusza SACS są podobne do tych opisanych w wersji oryginalnej. Wyniki pozwalają uznać metodę za odpowiednią do potrzeb badań naukowych. Jednak dalsze analizy są konieczne, aby ocenić trafność i moc dyskryminacyjną w większych grupach badanych.
Background. Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) is one of the most popular psychological scales used for diagnosing odontophobia worldwide. Despite being used by Polish researchers, it has never been validated in the Polish population. Also, there are no similar tools that could be used by dentists for screening.Objectives. The aim of this study was to validate and present the psychometric properties of the Dental Anxiety Scale adapted to Polish. The scale is a self-assessment tool designed to measure odontophobia and dental anxiety. Material and methods.The sample consisted of 162 adults. The adaptation to Polish of the DAS scale included a back-translation and a think-aloud study. The validation procedure incorporated 3 basic methods to be applied in the reliability analysis -the test-retest method, the statistical properties analysis of test items as well as a factor analysis. The general result of the responders was also compared to the anxiety-trait STAI scale and the neuroticism scale form IPIP-BMF-20.Results. The Cronbach's α was 0.9. The solution obtained in the exploratory factor analysis was a one-factor model, explaining 76.24% of the variance of responses. The test-retest gave a strong correlation (rho = 0.69, p < 0.001). The correlations between the DAS score, the anxiety-trait STAI score and the neuroticism scale form IPIP-BMF-20 were moderate, as expected. The percent of responders with odontophobia and intense dental anxiety was almost similar to the results of other studies. Conclusions.The psychometric characteristics of the Polish adaptation of the DAS scale are similar to those reported in the original version. The results allow us to recommend the method for scientific research and patient screening. However, further analyses are necessary to assess if the scores indicating odontophobia and dental anxiety are similar in Poland and in the USA.
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