The consumption of food for pleasure is mainly associated with adverse health effects. This review was carried out to verify recent reports on the impact of chocolate and wine consumption on cardiovascular health, with a particular focus on atherosclerosis. On one side, these products have proven adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, but on the other hand, if consumed in optimal amounts, they have cardiovascular benefits. The submitted data suggest that the beneficial doses are 30–50 g and 130/250 mL for chocolate and wine, respectively, for women and men. The accumulated evidence indicates that the active ingredients in the products under consideration in this review are phenolic compounds, characterized by anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiplatelet properties. However, there are also some reports of cardioprotective properties of other compounds such as esters, amines, biogenic amines, amino acids, fatty acids, mineral ingredients, and vitamins. Our narrative review has shown that in meta-analyses of intervention studies, consumption of chocolate and wine was positively associated with the beneficial outcomes associated with the cardiovascular system. In contrast, the assessment with the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) scale did not confirm this phenomenon. In addition, mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds present in chocolate and wine depend on some factors, such as age, sex, body weight, and the presence of additional medical conditions. Patients using cardiovascular drugs simultaneously with both products should be alert to the risk of pharmacologically relevant interactions during their use. Our narrative review leads to the conclusion that there is abundant evidence to prove the beneficial impact of consuming both products on cardiovascular health, however some evidence still remains controversial. Many authors of studies included in this review postulated that well-designed, longitudinal studies should be performed to determine the effects of these products and their components on atherosclerosis and other CVD (Cardiovascular Disease) disease.
WPŁYW WARUNKÓW EKSTRAKCJI NA ZAWARTOŚĆ ROZPUSZCZALNYCH SZCZAWIANÓW W WODNYCH NAPARACH HERBAT ZIELONYCH I HERBATEK ZIOŁOWYCHS t r e s z c z e n i e Celem pracy było porównanie zawartości rozpuszczalnych szczawianów (RSZ) w wodnych naparach herbat zielonych i herbatek ziołowych uzyskiwanych przy zastosowaniu czterech sposobów ekstrakcji, tj. tradycyjnej metody ekstrakcji przy użyciu wrzącej wody o temp. 100 ºC, ekstrakcji wspomaganej promieniowaniem mikrofalowym w temp. 80 ºC (EWPM), ekstrakcji wspomaganej ultradźwiękami w temp. 40 ºC (EWU-40) i w temp. 60 ºC.Oznaczona metodą manganianometryczną średnia zawartość RSZ w badanych naparach była najwięk-sza po zastosowaniu metody EWPM i wynosiła od 7,73 do 14,89 mg/g s.m. w herbatach zielonych oraz od 3,53 do 18,11 mg/g s.m. w herbatkach ziołowych. Natomiast najmniejsze wartości otrzymano po zastosowaniu metody EWU-40, tzn. od 5,06 do 10,88 mg/g s.m. w herbatach zielonych oraz od 1,5 do 11,03 mg/g s.m. w herbatkach ziołowych. W przypadku herbatek ziołowych, pobranych do badań wyłącznie w saszetkach do parzenia ekspresowego, stwierdzono istotną zależność pomiędzy ilością oznaczonych RSZ a rodzajem części anatomicznych wyjściowego surowca roślinnego. Podobnie, jak w przypadku herbat zielonych, największą średnią zawartością RSZ charakteryzowały się napary uzyskane metodą EWPM z herbatek ziołowych z całych liści, np. mięty -18,11 mg/g s.m., szałwi -12,23 mg/g s.m. oraz pokrzywy -11,76 mg/g s.m. Z owoców (nasion) kopru włoskiego uzyskano RSZ na poziomie 3,53 mg/g s.m. produktu, a z kwiatostanu lipy 4,01 mg/g s.m. Wyjątek w tej grupie naparów stanowił kwiatostan rumianku, w którym oznaczono 16,05 mg/g s.m. produktu.Uzyskane wyniki mogą zostać wykorzystane do standaryzacji metod analitycznych stosowanych podczas oznaczania RSZ w naparach herbat zielonych i herbatek ziołowych w celu identyfikacji kraju i regionu ich pochodzenia, rozpoznawania okresu zbiorów i sposobu produkcji, ujawniania domieszek i zafał-szowań oraz weryfikacji przydatności do spożycia i potwierdzania jakości zdrowotnej takich produktów.Słowa kluczowe: kwas szczawiowy, szczawiany, herbata zielona, herbatka ziołowa, ekstrakcja, promieniowanie mikrofalowe, ultradźwięki Mgr inż. B. Sperkowska, dr hab. G. Bazylak, prof. UMK, Katedra Bromatologii, Wydz. Farmaceutyczny, Collegium Medicum im.
Some scientific reports indicate the possibility of using different parts of mulberry (Morus alba L.) as the source of bioactive compounds to prevent type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to determine the content of vit. C (ascorbic acid) and four different low molecular weight organic acids (citric, malic, oxalic, tartaric) in aqueous extracts made from the two kinds of dietary supplements: 1) containing 100% of M. alba leaf (coded as SICOM) and 2) containing admixture of mulberry leaves and other medicinal herbs (MUCOM). The content of vitamin C was determined by Tillmans method, oxalic acid - by manganometric titration, tartaric acid - by colorimetric procedure, citric and malic acid by enzymatic assays. Total acidity (expressed as content of citric acid) was determined by potentiometric titration. The average content of vitamin C in aqueous extracts of SICOM was found as 0.30 mg/100 mL, while the concentration of individual acids were found to be in range: oxalic 12.66-32.34 mg/100 mL, tartaric 14.18-26.29 mg/100 mL, citric 9.74-19.99 mg/100 mL, malic 4.52-5.23 mg/100 mL. Aqueous extracts prepared from SICOM containing coarse powder of mulberry leaves indicated the highest content of vitamin C and tartaric acid, respectively, 0.34 and 26.29 mg/100 mL, while the content of citric acid was the lowest (9.74 mg/100 mL). The results of chemometric analysis with PCA method showed that measured profile of vitamin C and the four low molecular weight organic acids could be used for superior differentiation of aqueous extracts obtained from SICOM and MUCOM dietary supplements, as well as enabling to distinguish such extracts prepared from the fine and coarse powdered mulberry leaves in these supplements.
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