Introduction: the inferior vena cava is an important blood vessel to the venous drainage of the body's inferior portion and inferior members. During its development, it may occur some anatomic variations that are relevant from the clinical and surgical point of view, because of this fact, the professionals should have awareness of the possibilities of differences of normal anatomy. Purpose: the main objective of this study was to describe an imaging finding of the inferior vena cava of a young patient and to correlate this anatomical variation with the clinical importance of their knowledge. Case Report: young male patient, after an episode of digestive bleeding, recurrent diarrhea and occasional constipation for 2 months, looked for medical clinic service for investigation, being requested the accomplishment of ultrasonographic examinations and computed tomography of total abdomen. This work describes a case of duplication of the inferior vena cava, diagnosed after ultrasonography and computed tomography. We also carried out a study in the medical literature about the importance of the professional to know the anatomical variations of the inferior vena cava, especially in general and vascular surgical procedures, and his investigation through imaging tests. Ultrasound examination revealed the presence of a duplication of the infra-renal inferior vena cava, confirmed by computed tomography. Clinical evaluation and biochemical blood test results diagnosed the patient with lactose intolerance. Conclusion: the knowledge of variations of the inferior vena cava is important to precise diagnostic from images and should be considered when planning abdominal surgeries and in endovascular procedures.

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