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This review assessed the effectiveness of fluconazole as antifungal prophylaxis on the incidence of oral fungal diseases in patients undergoing cancer treatment. The secondary outcomes evaluated were the adverse effects, discontinuation of cancer therapy due to oral fungal infection, mortality by a fungal infection, and the mean duration of antifungal prophylaxis. Twelve databases and records were searched. The RoB 2 and ROBINS I tools were used to assess the risk of bias. The relative risk (RR), risk difference, and standard mean difference (SMD) were applied with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The certainty of the evidence was determined by GRADE. Twenty‐four studies were included in this systematic review. In randomized controlled trials pooling, fluconazole was a protective factor for the primary outcome (RR = 0.30; CI: 0.16, 0.55; p < 0.01, vs placebo). Compared to other antifungals, fluconazole was only more effective than the subgroup of amphotericin B and nystatin (alone or in combination) (RR = 0.19; CI: 0.09, 0.43; p < 0.01). Fluconazole was also a protective factor in non‐randomized trials pooling (RR = 0.19; CI: 0.05, 0.78; p = 0.02, vs untreated). The results showed no significant differences for the secondary outcomes. The certainty of the evidence was low and very low. In conclusion, prophylactic antifungals are necessary during cancer treatment, and fluconazole was shown to be more effective in reducing oral fungal diseases only compared with the subgroup assessing amphotericin B and nystatin, administered alone or in combination.

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Aim. To evaluate the quality of Primary Health Care (PHC) models for Brazilian children. Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed with 516 parents or guardian of children in the public preschools from a city in São Paulo State, Brazil. The participants completed the questionnaires on the perception of the quality of the PHC (Primary Care Assessment Tool-PCATool), and the socioeconomic conditions in their families. The data were analyzed by statistical tests (95% confidence level). Results. Private services, Family Health Strategies (FHS), and Conventional Health Care (CHC) were the modalities of PHC used by children. Among the three modalities, in all groups were observed statistically significant differences (p<0.001), the best quality of care was provided by FHS (8.22±1.69). The CHC (5.69±1.34) and the private service (6.65±0.99) need improvement in accessibility, continuity of care, integrality, family, and community orientation. The socioeconomic class of the families was associated with modalities of PHC (p<0.001).  Conclusions. The quality of primary care for children in the public health system still requires much improvement, primarily in conventional model. However, the Family Health Strategies was the model that presented the best quality of primary health care for children.