The aim of this study was to determine the type and frequency of online sexual practices among Spanish college students, the prevalence of risk and pathological cybersex use profiles, and the correlates/predictors of this behavior. Participants were 1,557 males and females between 18 and 25 years old. Results showed that cybersex use is not as frequent as that documented in other Western countries. However, a significant percentage of participants with a risky (8.6%) or pathological (1.7% in men and 0.1% in women) profile was identified. Finally, we found a set of variables that, in interaction with gender, explains 58% of the variance for cybersex addiction scores.
Background and aimsCompulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) is characterized by a persistent failure to control intense and recurrent sexual impulses, urges, and/or thoughts, resulting in repetitive sexual behavior that causes a marked impairment in important areas of functioning. Despite its recent inclusion in the forthcoming ICD-11, concerns regarding its assessment, diagnosis, prevalence or clinical characteristics remain. The purpose of this study was to identify participants displaying CSBD through a novel data-driven approach in two independent samples and outline their sociodemographic, sexual, and clinical profile.MethodsSample 1 included 1,581 university students (females = 56.9%; Mage = 20.58) whereas sample 2 comprised 1,318 community members (females = 43.6%; Mage = 32.37). First, we developed a new composite index to assess the whole range of CSBD symptoms based on three previously validated scales. Based on this new composite index, we subsequently identified individuals with CSBD through a cluster analytic approach.ResultsThe estimated occurrence of CSBD was 10.12% in sample 1 and 7.81% in sample 2. Participants with CSBD were mostly heterosexual males, younger than respondents without CSBD, reported higher levels of sexual sensation seeking and erotophilia, an increased offline and especially online sexual activity, more depressive and anxious symptoms, and poorer self-esteem.ConclusionsThis research provides further evidence on the occurrence of CSBD based on an alternative data-driven approach, as well as a detailed and nuanced description of the sociodemographic, sexual, and clinical profile of adults with this condition. Clinical implications derived from these findings are discussed in detail.
Los mitos del amor romántico son creencias irracionales socialmente construidas sobre la naturaleza del amor, las cuales estipulan qué es el “amor verdadero”, cuáles son las características deseables al seleccionar pareja, la importancia del amor, las expectativas de futuro y el tipo de relación. La presencia de estas creencias románticas favorece o mantiene la violencia de género en la pareja y las relaciones basadas en el control, las cuales se relacionan con una menor autoestima. El objetivo de este estudio es registrar la interiorización de los mitos del amor romántico en un grupo de adolescentes y analizar su relación con la autoestima. Para la consecución de dicho objetivo, una muestra formada por un total de 321 participantes (52% hombres y 48% mujeres) de entre 11 y 18 años de edad, cumplimentó el Cuestionario de Autoestima de Rosenberg y la Escala de Mitos Hacia del Amor Romántico de Luzón, Ramos, Recio y de la Peña (2011). Los análisis mostraron diferencias significativas en la interiorización de mitos románticos en función del género a favor de los hombres, concretamente en los mitos de los celos (Chi2=25,50; p<.001), de la omnipotencia (Chi2=28,96; p<.001), del matrimonio (Chi2=7,60; p=.006), de la entrega total (Chi2=13,80; p=.001) y en los grupos de mitos “El amor es lo más importante y requiere entrega total” (Chi2=33,80; p<.001), “Amor como posesión y exclusividad” (Chi2=26,59; p<.001) y “El amor lo puede todo” (Chi2=25,19; p<.001). Por otro lado, se observa en el total de la muestra una relación significativa e inversa entre la autoestima y el grupo de mitos “el amor lo puede todo” (rho=-.121*) y los mitos de la omnipotencia (rho=-.121*) y exclusividad (rho=-.128*). A la vista de dichos resultados se concluye, por un lado, que los hombres asumen más creencias románticas que las mujeres y por otro, que las personas con menor autoestima presentan una mayor interiorización de las creencias románticas. En base a dichas conclusiones, tanto las diferencias entre géneros por lo que respecta a la interiorización de los mitos románticos como el papel de la autoestima deberían ser considerados en futuras intervenciones.
Hypersexuality is a problematic behavior characterized by the combination of an excessive sexual desire and the pathological inability to control it. This study presents the psychometric properties of the Spanish paper-and-pencil and online versions of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI), one of the most popular scales to assess this issue. 2250 participants (1070 men) completed a translated version of the HBI (1450 in paper-and-pencil; 800 online). The EFA yielded three factors that explained 67.53% of total variance for the HBI paper-and-pencil version. This factor structure was confirmed in the HBI online version through CFA. Factorial, structural, scalar and error variance invariance according to gender was also confirmed through multigroup CFA. Reliability of the total score and subscales ranged between .89-.96. Likewise, correlations with other related scales were positive and significant (r between .511-.743). Temporal stability 1-year after the first application was .77 (paper-and-pencil format) and .68 (online version). These results support the reliability and validity of the HBI and justify its use in the assessment of hypersexuality in Spanish-speaking countries.
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