A serodiagnosis of H. pylori infection using native strains was developed. The difference in the immune response between children with RAP and control subjects suggests that RAP occurs during the acute phase of H. pylori infection. Our results also suggest that urease is a poor immunogen.

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Initial suspicion of VR was raised by bronchoscopic and/or esophagoscopic findings in 60% cases. Endoscopy proved to be a valuable tool to anticipate the type of malformation and to disclose associated abnormalities.