Inflammation involves a cascade of cellular and molecular mediators that ultimately lead to the infiltration of immune cells into the affected area. This inflammatory process in skin is common to many diseases including acne, infection, and psoriasis, with the presence or absence of immune cells a potential diagnostic marker. Here we show that skin inflammation can be non-invasively measured and mapped using a paint-on oxygen sensing bandage in an in vivo porcine inflammation model. After injection of a known inflammatory agent, the bandage could track the increase, plateau, and decrease in oxygen consumption at the injury site over 7 weeks, as well as discern inflammation resultant from injection at various depths beneath the surface of the skin. Both the initial rate of pO 2 change and the change in bandage pO 2 at equilibration (CBP 20 ) were found to be directly related to the metabolic oxygen consumption rate of the tissue in contact. Healthy skin demonstrated an initial pO 2 decrease rate of 6.5 , and a larger CBP 20 of 140 mmHg . The change in the bandage pO 2 before and after equilibration with tissue was found to correlate well with histological evidence of skin inflammation in the animals. Birngruber, G. Apiou-Sbirlea, R. Matyal, T. Huang, R. Chan, S. J. Lin, and C. L. Evans, "Non-invasive transdermal two-dimensional mapping of cutaneous oxygenation with a rapid-drying liquid bandage," Biomed.

We found that older and younger adults differed in their ability to inhibit items both during encoding and when items had to be inhibited in memory but that these age differences were exaggerated when irrelevant information had to be inhibited from memory. These results provide insights into the mechanisms that support cognitive changes to memory processes in healthy aging.

Background Obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA ) is present in 60% to 70% of stroke patients. Cerebral vasoreactivity in patients with stroke and OSA has not been well studied and could identify a new pathophysiologic mechanism with potential therapeutic intervention. We aimed to determine whether risk categories for OSA are associated with cerebral vasoreactivity in stroke patients. Methods and Results In this cross‐sectional study of a cohort of patients with stroke, we used clinical questionnaires (Sleep Obstructive Apnea Score Optimized for Stroke [ SOS ] and snoring, tiredness, observed, pressure, bmi, age, neck, gender [ STOP ‐ BANG ] scores) to assess the risk of OSA and transcranial Doppler to assess cerebral vasoreactivity (breath‐holding index and visual evoked flow velocity response). Of the 99 patients included, 77 (78%) had medium or high risk of OSA and 80 performed transcranial Doppler. Mean breath‐holding index was 0.52±0.37, and median visual evoked flow velocity response was 10.8% (interquartile range: 8.8–14.5); 54 of 78 (69%) showed impaired anterior circulation vasoreactivity (breath‐holding index <0.69) and 53 of 71 (75%) showed impaired posterior circulation vasoreactivity (visual evoked flow velocity response ≤14.0%). There was a significant negative correlation between the risk of OSA calculated by STOP ‐ BANG and the breath‐holding index ( r S =−0.284, P =0.012). The following variables were associated with low anterior circulation vasoreactivity: dyslipidemia (odds ratio: 4.7; 95% CI , 1.5–14.2) and STOP ‐ BANG score (odds ratio: 1.7 per 1‐point increase; 95% CI , 1.1–1.5). Conclusions A high risk of OSA and impaired vasoreactivity exists in the population that has had stroke. Dyslipidemia and STOP ‐ BANG sleep apnea risk categories were independently associated with impaired anterior circulation vasoreactivity.

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