Machine Learning (ML) addresses the problem of adjusting those mathematical models which can accurately predict a characteristic of interest from a given phenomenon. They achieve this by extracting information from regularities contained in a data set. From its beginnings two visions have always coexisted in ML: batch and online learning. The former assumes full access to all data samples in order to adjust the model whilst the latter overcomes this limiting assumption thus expanding the applicability of ML. In this chapter, we review the general framework and methods of online learning since its inception are reviewed and its applicability in current application areas is explored.
We propose an adaptive inverse control scheme, which employs a neural network for the system identification phase and updates its weights in online mode. The theoretical basis of the method is given and its performance is illustrated by means of its application to different control problems showing that our proposal is able to overcome the problems generated by dynamic nature of the process or by physical changes of the system which originate important modifications in the process. A comparative experimental study is presented in order to show the more stable behavior of the proposed method in several working ranks.
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