No abstract

Acacia auriculiformis pericarp preparation (APP) has been recently introduced as a piscicide of choice to substitute Mohua (Bassia latifolia) oil cake (MOC). The present study aims to evaluate its effect on circulatory physiology and haematopoiesis of Channa punctatus to justify its mode of action as a piscicide. Profound alterations in the circulatory physiology of Channa punctatus with oligocythemic hypochromic anaemia and significant mobilization of immature cells from the erythropoietic lineage into circulation are evident under APP exposure. A relationship of hypoxia-induced Epo expression with erythropoietic dynamics has been drawn under LC0 APP exposure. However, at both LC50 and LC100 exposure erythropoietic insufficiency and subsequent erythropenia are recorded. The principal secondary metabolite of APP, saponin is held responsible for membrane destabilization, pore formation, and several topographical alterations of erythrocytes. The exocytosis of haemoglobin is confirmed quantitatively and qualitatively. Retention of plasma Hb among the treated fish is substantiated through direct and indirect bilirubin content of blood and the physiological relevance of such condition has been interpreted. Leucocytosis and more specifically neutrocytosis at the initial exposure period observed as an immediate defensive mechanism which is ultimately broken down with exposure concentration and duration. The treated fish develops thrombocytosis as a haemostatic mechanism to check haemorrhage, but the circulatory deficiency ultimately leads to death of the fish.

Saha et al.: Phytochemicals in Acacia auriculiformis PericarpAcacia auriculiformis, widely used for afforestation, produces large amount of fruits which has no specific use other than as fuel for cooking by the ethnic people. The aim of our study is to determine chemical constituents with their definite proportion from different solvent extracts of Acacia auriculiformis pericarp at different maturity stages. Qualitative phytochemical analyses of three different solvents extracts viz. methanolic, 80 % ethanolic and aqueous of nine different maturity stages pericarps were screened to identify the presence of secondary metabolites. Quantitative analyses were performed through standard biochemical procedures to obtain the amount of the secondary metabolites. Finally, liquid chromatographyelectrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analysis was performed to identify different fractions of the major phytochemical groups. The biochemical assay of the preparation helped to identify saponin, phenols, tannin, flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, terpenoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides and reducing sugar as the major groups. Methanolic extract of the 9 th maturity stage pericarp contains the highest amount of saponin and a fairly good amount of phenol, flavonoids, tannin and proanthocynidin. With the help of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analyses 7 triterpenoid saponins (acaciasides) with their relative percentages, 22 flavonoids, 8 tannins and 1 phenolic rich fractiongalloyl glucose were detected. Among the 7 triterpenoid saponins, acaciasides A and B are worked out as the major components. A detail toxicological study may help to establish it as a substitute of conventionally used piscicides as well for other pharmaceutical purposes.