Together with developments in digital imaging systems, there has been increasing use of micro-computed tomography (μCT) in many areas, primarily in dentistry. As this method allows 3-dimensional images to be taken providing safe and high quality results, without damaging the samples being examined, it is often preferred. Consequently, it has become possible to record rapid progression in endodontic studies in particular and to research and easily compare several techniques. Furthermore, this method can be used in tissue engineering, forming data for FEM analysis, the growth and development of craniofacial bones, imaging bone structure, and in the evaluation of implants and surrounding bone in root tip surgery, to determine mineral concentration in the teeth and to measure the thickness of enamel. The aim of this review was to focus on the areas of use of μCT in dentistry and state the advantages. Key Words: Micro-computed tomography, X-ray micro-CT, dental application, three-dimensional imaging   How to cite this article: Erpaçal B, Adıgüzel Ö, Cangül S. The use of micro-computed tomography in dental applications. Int Dent Res 2019;9(2):78-91.   Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of the superficial application of two different modeling resins on the surface microhardness and discoloration of composite resins. Material and Methods: The present study used two different composites and modeling resins. The composites were placed in plastic molds. Subsequently, the modeling resins were applied on the surface of the two composite groups. The microhardness and color pertaining to all the groups were evaluated. The current study used the One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests, in order to perform the statistical evaluation (p<0.05). Results: The present study compared the microhardness pertaining to the groups and the highest microhardness values were observed in the Estelite Asteria group (none), whereas the lowest values were observed in the GC Essentia group (Ultradent). Moreover, the current study evaluated the color stability and the greatest discoloration was observed in the control group of the GC Essentia group, whereas the least discoloration was observed in the Estelite Asteria group that included the samples prepared using Ultradent Wetting Resin. Conclusions: The results of the present study demonstrated that the use of modeling resins, which facilitate the placement of composite resins, reduced the microhardness and discoloration of composite resins. The aforementioned effect can be attributed to the variations in the structure of the filling. However, further studies are warranted to support and verify the results of the current study.

Aim: Repairing amalgam restorations with composite resins is a clinical practice with many advantages. An effective adhesion is achieved between amalgam and composite by applied different surface treatment on amalgam surface. In this study, the effect of adhesive systems applied on amalgam surface on composite-amalgam connection was investigated. Methodology: Standard cavities were opened in 70 acrylic molds that had completed their polymerization and amalgams were placed in these cavities. Seven groups were randomly assigned to different surface treatments on amalgam. In group 1 only roughening with diamond bur , in group 2 acid etch, in group 3 acid application after roughening with diamond bur, in group 4 roughening with diamond bur and silane, in group 5 acid etch and silane, in group 6 roughening with diamond bur and Alloy Primer and finally 7. acid etch and Alloy Primer was applied in the samples. After the application of clearfil universal bond to all groups, composite resins were placed and polymerized. Shear bond strengths were tested with a Universal testing machine. Obtained data were evaluated by one way ANOVA and Tukey B tests. Results: In the statistical evaluation of the groups, the highest shear bond strength between amalgam-composite was seen in the 3rd group where both roughening with diamond bur and acid were applied together, and the lowest shear bond strength was seen in the first group with only roughening with diamond bur. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: The roughening of the amalgam surface affects the shear bond strength between amalgam and composite resin. These results obtained in vitro conditions should be supported with clinical studies.   How to cite this article: Cangül S, Adıgüzel Ö, Erpaçal B, Ünal M, Acartürk M, Satıcı Ö. Evaluation of shear bond strength of amalgam restorations repaired with composite resin by different surface treatments. Int Dent Res 2019;9(3):105-10.   Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

SummaryBackground/Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the distance between the mental foramen and the upper and lower edges of the mandible in the Turkish population according to different gender and age groups.Material and Methods: A total of 1756 samples of 878 patients who presented at the Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Department of the Dentistry Faculty of Dicle University were included in the study for evaluation of the distance between the mental foramen and the upper and lower edges of the mandible. The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken using an I-CAT Vision device (Imaging Science International, Hatfield, USA). Multiple variance analysis was used in the statistical analyses of the data.Results: A statistically significant difference was identified between the genders in respect of the distance of the external edge of the mental foramen from the upper edge of the mandible (p=0,000). In the evaluations of the different age groups, no statistically significant difference was determined. A statistically significant difference was determined between the gender and age groups in respect of the distance of the mental foramen from the lower edge of the mandible (p=0,000).Conclusions: The distance of the mental foramen from the upper and lower edges of the mandible can show variations according to age and gender. Therefore, the use of CBCT as a 3-dimensional imaging method with a low radiation dose is recommended.