Nicolau syndrome (NS) or livedo-like dermatitis is a rare complication of injection of various medications such as penicillin. The pathophysiology of this events is not clear, but some hypotheses are suggested, such as sympathetic nerve stimulation, embolic occlusion, inflammation, or mechanical injury. In this paper we report 3 cases of NS following benzathine penicillin. Clinical symptoms improved in 2 cases during 2-month follow-up, but one of them had a residual necrosis in the distal phalanges of the toes.

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One of the most important current medical concerns across the globe is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which has been designated by the World Health Organization as a novel viral pneumonia named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 has substantially affected all aspects of human lives and forced most people to self-quarantine themselves and stay home in order to remain safe. As pediatric dentists as a part of the health care system deferring elective procedures, we are obliged to manage emergency situations such as cellulitis, severe tooth pain, and dental trauma. Therefore, we need to beware of the symptoms and risks of the emerging disease and, accordingly, change the policies in our offices to minimize the risk of transmission while checking up and treating our patients in the safest possible way. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This article aims to acquaint clinicians treating pediatric patients with COVID-19 hazards and delineate the steps required for minimizing cross-infection in case of providing emergency treatment to children in dental offices.

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