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Driven by the need to develop cleaner and more efficient energy systems, an extraordinary array of chemical-loopingbased process concepts have been proposed and researched over the past 10 years. An overview of these technology options, particularly those proposed/developed over the last 3 years, is presented in this paper. The focus, however, would be primarily on process-related aspects of such advanced chemical looping concepts for novel energy and fuels applications rather than aspects such as oxygen carriers, redox properties, and solid circulation/transport, which have been adequately covered in several other reviews.

A novel approach, supported by preliminary experimental and theoretical data, is proposed here for separation of oxygen from air. The approach is based on the chemical looping concept and is inherently simple and costeffective, relying on the cyclic oxidation (i.e., combustion) and reduction of a metallic oxide as a means of separating oxygen from air. Thermodynamic calculations and preliminary experiments were carried out on oxides of Cu (CuO/Cu 2 O), Mn (Mn 2 O 3 /Mn 3 O 4 ), and Co (Co 3 O 4 /CoO) to ascertain their feasibility for the proposed air-separation method. Results confirmed the feasibility of the approach and showed that Mn and Co oxide systems and their mixtures were, in particular, quite suited for air-separation applications.