No abstract

ABSTRACT:In this research project, many movies from UTM Kolej 9, Skudai, Johor Bahru (See Figure 1) were taken by AR. Drone 2. Since the AR drone 2.0 has liquid lens, while flying there were significant distortions and deformations on the converted pictures of the movies. Passive remote sensing (RS) applications based on image matching and Epipolar lines such as Agisoft PhotoScan have been tested to create the point clouds and mesh along with 3D models and textures. As the result was not acceptable (See Figure 2), the previous Dynamic Pulse Function based on Ruby programming language were enhanced and utilized to create the 3D models automatically in LoD3. The accuracy of the final 3D model is almost 10 to 20 cm. After rectification and parallel projection of the photos based on some tie points and targets, all the parameters were measured and utilized as an input to the system to create the 3D model automatically in LoD3 in a very high accuracy.

The pulse function (PF) is a technique based on procedural preprocessing system to generate a computerized virtual photo of the façade with in a fixed square size. Dynamic Pulse Function (DPF) is an enhanced version of PF which can create the final photo, proportional to real geometry. This can avoid distortion while projecting the computerized photo on the generated 3D model. The challenging issue that might be handled for having 3D model in LoD3 rather than LOD2, is the final aim that have been achieved in this paper. In this research the parameters of Dynamic Pulse Functions are utilized via Ruby programming language in SketchUp Trimble to generate (exact position and deepness) the windows and doors automatically in LoD3 based on the same concept of DPF. The advantage of this technique is automatic generation of huge number of similar geometries e.g. windows by utilizing parameters of DPF along with defining entities and window layers. In case of converting the SKP file to CityGML via FME software or CityGML plugins the 3D model contains the semantic database about the entities and window layers which can connect the CityGML to MySQL. The concept behind DPF, is to use logical operations to project the texture on the background image which is dynamically proportional to real geometry. The process of projection is based on two vertical and horizontal dynamic pulses starting from upper-left corner of the background wall in down and right directions respectively based on image coordinate system. The logical one/zero on the intersections of two vertical and horizontal dynamic pulses projects/does not project the texture on the background image. It is possible to define priority for each layer. For instance the priority of the door layer can be higher than window layer which means that window texture cannot be projected on the door layer. Orthogonal and rectified perpendicular symmetric photos of the 3D objects that are proportional to the real façade geometry must be utilized for the generation of the output frame for DPF. The DPF produces very high quality and small data size of output image files in quite smaller dimension compare with the photorealistic texturing method. The disadvantage of DPF is its preprocessing method to generate output image file rather than online processing to generate the texture within the 3D environment such as CityGML. Furthermore the result of DPF can be utilized for 3D model in LOD2 rather than LOD3. In the current work the random textures of the window layers are created based on parameters of DPF within Ruby console of SketchUp Trimble to generate the deeper geometries of the windows and their exact position on the façade automatically along with random textures to increase Level of Realism (LoR). As the output frame in DPF is proportional to real geometry (height and width of the façade) it is possible to query the XML database and convert them to units such as meter automatically. In this technique, the perpendicular terrestrial photo from the façade is rectified by employing pr...

No abstract

Özet:Üç boyutlu (3B) kent modellerinin farklı alanlardaki kullanımı gün geçtikçe önem kazanmaktadır. Gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte gerçeğe çok yakın, semantik veri ile bütünleştirilmiş ve etkileşimli 3B kent modelleri oluşturulabilmektedir. Görsel ve veritabanı tasarımı yapılmış 3B kent modelleri konum analizi, pazarlama, acil durum, afet yönetimi, tesis planlaması gibi birçok alanda kendine kullanım alanı bulmaktadır. Bu makalede 3B kent modeli oluşturulurken, amaca yönelik görselleştirme yapılmasının önemine değinilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, Kampus/Kent Bilgi Sistemleri kapsamında 3B görsel modellemeye yönelik ihtiyaçların ortaya konması ve bu modellerin internet ortamında sunulmasıdır. Kampus/Kent bilgi sistemleri karar verme, mühendislik uygulamaları, projelendirme gibi birçok alanda imkan sağlamaktır. Çalışma kapsamında dijital fotoğraflar ile özel doku kaplama teknikleri kullanılarak Karabük Üniversitesi'nin sanal olarak üç boyutlu modeli oluşturulmuştur. Veri toplama ve işleme kısmı 3B bilgi sistemleri oluşturulurken en önemli aşamalardandır. Bu çalışmada sanal kampüs modelinin üretiminde kampüs yerleşim planı, sayısal arazi modeli ve 3B bina modellerinden oluşan farklı tipte veriler kullanılmıştır.Anahtar Sözcükler: 3B Modelleme, Fotorealistik, Doku Kaplama, GoogleEarth AbstractThe usage of 3D modeling is becoming increasingly important in different areas. It is possible to create lifelike, integrated with semantic data, and interactive 3D City Models by the new technologies. 3D city models integrated with design and visualization have various application areas, such as location analysis, marketing, emergency, disaster management, facility planning. In this article, it is discussed the importance of making purposive visualization in terms of generation 3D City Model. Aim of this study is to determine the needs in 3D Modeling, usability of 3D Campus Information System model and presentation the model via internet. The purpose of creating a Campus Information System is to allow decision-making in campus applications, engineering applications, projecting etc. By using photo realistic views and texturing procedures, visualization side of a virtual 3D GIS model of Karabuk University was created. One of the most important stages in creating a 3D models is data acquisition and data processing. In this study different types of data like campus layout plan, 3D digital terrain models, and 3D building structures were used.