Background: Various skin diseases such as psoriasis, lichen planus, and alopecia areata can be associated with structural nail lesions. However, nail lesions prevalence in patients with severe acne vulgaris is not determined. This study aimed to determine the frequency and types of nail lesions in patients with severe acne vulgaris. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 235 patients with severe acne vulgaris were included from the clinic of dermatology of Rasoul-e-akram Hospital during the 2010-2011. The patients had no history of treatment for acne vulgaris. Patients initially underwent clinical examination, and severity of acne was determined among them. Demographic characteristics such as sex, age, and blood type, and nail disorders including brittleness, onycholysis, and leukonychia were investigated in these patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software. Results: In this study,79 (33.6%) patients with severe acne vulgaris had nail involvement and the frequency of nail lesions in this study were as follow: brittle nails 26.8% (63 cases); leukonychia 18.2% (43 cases); parrot-beaked nails 3.4% (8 cases) and onycholysis 1.3% (3 cases). Nail disorders in patients with severe acne vulgaris were not associated with sex, blood group, and the severity and distribution of acne lesions. However, the lower age of the patients was associated with the incidence of nail disorders.

Background: We reviewed the literatures focusing on trichogram and comparing it with other newly introduced trichologic diagnostic methods (to be specific trichoscopy). Methods: This is a narrative review. We searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and the Web of Science for most relevant and English publications using the terms ‘trichogram’ or ‘phototrichogram’ or ‘trichoscan’ or ‘unit area trichogram’ or ‘trichoscopy’.The results were then screened by two independent reviewers and discrepancies was reviewed by another author. The text and data related to these terms were then selected out of each included study and discussed with all authors for inclusion in this study. Results: There are many hair disorders with diagnostic clues of trichogram such as Alopecia areata, Androgenic alopecia, Anagen effluvium, Telogen effluvium, Trichotillomania, Pemghigus, Psoriasis, and Loose anagen syndrome. Trichoscopy have become a widely used non-invasive practical diagnostic tool for evaluation of many immune-mediated or non-immune mediated dermatologic disorders with involvement of hair. Trichoscopy is also commonly used for following up and evaluating the therapeutic responses in affected hair-bearing area. Conclusion: Trichogram is a valuable diagnostic method for complicated hair disorders butthe trend is toward less aggressive and more sensitive informative methods like trichoscopy and trichoscan. Key words: Trichogram, Trichoscopy, Phototrichogram, Trichoscan, Unit Area Trichogram, Dermatoscopy, Dermoscopy, Hair, Alopecia, Scalp, Diagnoses

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