Human activities, such as driving, walking, and running, generate seismic waves propagating through the near-surface and have greatly enriched the energy of the seismic wavefield in the near-surface. Previous studies extracted human activities above the ground from the seismic ambient noise data, such as the number of runners passing a park trail (Zhao et al., 2022) and motor vehicles passing a road (Li et al., 2020;Lindsey et al., 2020;Wang et al., 2021). In addition, seismic ambient noise data contains information about the subsurface and has been used to resolve the underground physical properties. For example, seismic traffic signals have been used for near-surface imaging (
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