The use of energy drinks is common among adolescents and young age groups. The purpose of this study was to determine energy drink consumption status in students at the Karadeniz Technical University in Turkey and the factors affecting this. The research was performed at the Karadeniz Technical University among a total of 2001 students attending the Administration Department, the Physical Education Department, the Psychological Counseling and Guidance Department and the Faculty of Medicine. The research data were collected using the supervised questionnaire method. The 53.5 % (n = 1070) of students had never tried energy drinks, 22.5 % (n = 450) had tried them once only, 1.5 % (n = 30) had used them for a time and then gave up, 21.1 % (n = 422) consumed occasionally and 1.4 % (n = 29) regularly. The risks of regular energy drink consuming were male gender [2.4 (1.8-3.2)] [OR (95 %CI)], studying at night [1.6 (1.2-2.2)], having friends consuming energy drinks [3.6 (2.6-5.0)], regular physical activity [1.9 (1.4-2.5)], being an alcohol drinker [2.4 (1.7-3.2)]. This study revealed that almost half of university students had experience of energy drinks and that approximately one-fourth still used them. It will be useful for these factors listed above to be borne in mind in the development of policies aimed at protecting young people from the health impacts of energy drinks.

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BackgroundNeeds based biopsychosocial distress instrument for cancer patients (CANDI) is a scale based on needs arising due to the effects of cancer.ObjectivesThe aim of this research was to determine the reliability and validity of the CANDI scale in the Turkish language.Patients and MethodsThe study was performed with the participation of 172 cancer patients aged 18 and over. Factor analysis (principal components analysis) was used to assess construct validity. Criterion validities were tested by computing Spearman correlation between CANDI and hospital anxiety depression scale (HADS), and brief symptom inventory (BSI) (convergent validity) and quality of life scales (FACT-G) (divergent validity). Test-retest reliabilities and internal consistencies were measured with intraclass correlation (ICC) and Cronbach-α.ResultsA three-factor solution (emotional, physical and social) was found with factor analysis. Internal reliability (α = 0.94) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.87) were significantly high. Correlations between CANDI and HADS (rs = 0.67), and BSI (rs = 0.69) and FACT-G (rs = -0.76) were moderate and significant in the expected direction.ConclusionsCANDI is a valid and reliable scale in cancer patients with a three-factor structure (emotional, physical and social) in the Turkish language.

Rectal prolapsus is the protrusion of either the rectal mucosa or the entire wall of the rectum through the anal canal. Constipation, weakness of the pelvic floor, previous anorectal surgery are among the etiological reasons. Although concomitant presence of colorectal polyp and rectal ulcer is common, concomitant presence of a colorectal tumor is very rare. Our case was a 68 years old patient diagnosed with metastatic colon cancer. While the administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, he applied with an irreducible, bleeding rectal tumor prolapsus. His general condition was deteriorated and he had pneumonia. We performed Altemeier's procedure. Post-operative pathological analysis revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with negative surgical margins.