Road traffic accidents (RTAs) have turned out to be a huge global public health and development problem. Dire Dawa City one of the federal states in North East Ethiopia has a high rate of accidents and deaths in relation to number of vehicles on the road. Realizing the need to establish baseline information on RTAs, the present study was conducted in Dire Dawa city under the jurisdiction of Dire Dawa Police Station, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. Complete Road traffic car accident data of the year 2009-2013 from police records of Dire Dawa city Police station were studied. Data can be analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0 and MINITAB version 13.1 software. Data interpretation was done using descriptive statistics, two t-test comparison, chi-square test of independence, analysis of variance (one-way and two-way), and design of factorial experiment. The finding of this paper showed that the main cause of car accident is drivers. About 80% of car accident is resulted from the driver fault. Among the accident that resulted from the driver fault, not given priority for pedestrian contain the first position. Other factor like poor road condition, poor car condition, the absence of knowledge in traffic system, lack of ambulance and poor medical treatment are other cause and condition that increase the severity of the incident. Generally, the occurrence of car accident problem depends on defect on human factor, vehicle characteristics, road characteristics and environmental condition. The age of driver had also a significant impact on the occurrence of traffic accidents. Accidents were also highly depending on environmental factor like weather condition, type of road surface, condition of the road and joint road shape.

Background Since bottle feeding has an impact on the effectiveness of breastfeeding and appropriate supplemental feeding, the World health organization recommends being avoided for infant and early child feeding. Thus, this study aimed to assess the level of the bottle-feeding practice and its associated factors among mothers of 0–24 month’s children in Asella town, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 8-April 8, 2022, among a sample of 692 mothers of children aged 0–24 months. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. Data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview technique questionnaire. The outcome variable bottle-feeding practice (BFP) was assessed using WHO and UNICEF UK healthy baby initiative BF assessment tools. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between explanatory and outcome variables. Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to measure the strength of the association and a p-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results A total of 692 mothers with mean age and standard deviation (SD) of 31.86 (± 4.87) participated in the study. The prevalence of bottle-feeding practice was 246(35.5% with 95% CI: (31.8, 39.5). Mothers who were government-employed (AOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.64), mothers who delivered at home (AOR: 3.74, 95% CI: 2.58–5.42), mothers who did not attend postnatal care (AOR: 3.76, 95% CI: 2.60,5.44) and mother who had negative attitude (AOR: 1.94, 95%CI: 1.34,2.8) were significantly associated with bottle feeding practices. Conclusion The BFP were higher in the study area when compared with national reports of practices. The occupational status of the mothers, place of delivery, attending postnatal care, and attitude of the mothers were factors that increased bottle-feeding practice in the study area. Strengthening dietary behavioral modification for mothers who have children 0–24 months of the child to practice appropriate feeding is recommended.

Background Non-communicable diseases, known as chronic diseases, are not contagious in their nature. They progress slowly in affecting the health of a person. They are the leading causes of death in all continents except Africa, but current projections indicated that by 2025 the largest increases in the non-communicable diseases deaths will occur in Africa. In Ethiopian about 34% of patients suffered from chronic non communicable diseases and there is a gap of estimating the time-to-death of these patients to manage the diseases progression in earlier. Thus, this study was aimed in estimating the survival outcome (death times) of the retrospective follow-up studies of registered inpatients for three years in three hospitals of Oromiya National Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods To describe the prediction and diseases progression of non-communicable diseases, different types of parametric frailty models were compared. Hospitals of the patients were considered as the unobserved variable in the models. The Exponential, Weibull and log-logistic as baseline hazard functions and the gamma and inverse Gaussian for the frailty distributions were checked for their performance using both AIC criteria and Likelihood ratio test. Results On average death times of chronic diseases was 12 days with the maximum of 40 days. Of 646 chronic non-communicable hospitalized patients about 41.5% were died. The log-logistic model with inverse Gaussian frailty has the minimum AIC and LRT value among the models compared. The hospital of the patient has a significant effect in modeling time-to-death of chronic diseases datasets. Conclusion The log-logistic with inverse Gaussian frailty model fitted better than other distributions for the chronic diseases data sets. Therefore, considering the hospital as random effects has a significant impact on time-to-death for NCDs patients and therefore, it is recommendable to include frailty to act as covariates for capturing any dependency under clustered time-to-event methods.