Aerobic granular sludge was successfully cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating wastewater from the malting process with a high content of particulate organic a Lehrstuhl für Wassergüte-und matter. At an organic loading rate of 3.2 kg/(m 3 d) COD total and an influent particle concenAbfallwirtschaft, Technische Universität München, tration of 0.95 g/L MLSS an average removal of 50 % in COD total and 80 % in COD dissolved Am Coulombwall, could be achieved. A comparison of granular and flocculent sludge grown under the same 85748 Garching, Germany operating conditions showed no significant difference in removal efficiency although granb 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, University ules exhibited a higher metabolic activity in terms of specific oxygen uptake rate (r O2,X ). of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Two distinct mechanisms of particle removal were observed for granular sludge: during IN 46556, USA initial granule formation, particles were incorporated into the biofilm matrix. For mature granules, a high level of protozoa growth on the granule surface accounted for the ability to remove particulate COD. Combined evaluation of the development in MLSS content and sludge bed settling rate (i.e., mean derivative of the normalized sludge volume) was found to be an adequate method for monitoring the characteristic settling properties of a granulizing sludge bed. By means of this method, a distinct substrate gradient out of several operating conditions was concluded to have the biggest impact on the formation of aerobic granular sludge. Behandlung von Mälzereiabwässern im SBR mit granuliertem BelebtschlammAerober

Based on existing information, this article focuses on the challenges of radionuclide removal and analysis of the performance of processes associated with the treatment of a large-scale volume of wastewater at the site of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, which occurred ten years ago. The first instalment, which appears here, provides an introduction to the work and processes used. It discusses reverse osmosis and the role it has played in treating contaminated sea-water at the site. It also describes a laboratory-scale study and the first of two schemes – involving what is referred to as the Simplified Active Water Retrieve and Recovery (SARRY) system – that are used to purify reverse osmosis retentate.