School desertion is the abandonment of the academic activities of an individual, which due to various situations such as economic, political, social, family, environmental or health, occurs when people leave behind the process of education or training. This is one of the problems suffered by most educational institutions and has a direct impact on the socioeconomic development of this society, which surely compromises its future. Said argumentation of the problem raised is necessary for understanding in teaching and learning in students and their corresponding induction to optimal learning levels. In this sense, the purpose of this work is to analyze the factors that affect the school dropout of upper basic students of the Tosagua Educational Unit, of the Tosagua canton, in the 2021-2022 school period, as well as the strategies and practical procedures and specific ones that promote the inclusion of children and adolescents in the classroom. Based on a qualitative and quantitative methodology, it is intended to determine the factors that affect the school dropout of upper basic students of the Tosagua Educational Unit, of the Tosagua canton, in the 2021-2022 school year.

Research has shown that the development of creativity in human beings, above all, from an early age, favors them in multiple aspects of their daily lives; being at the same time, the key to the acquisition of their cognitive abilities. Therefore, the present work focused on the review of creativity in students between 11 and 14 years of age from the "Amazonas" Educational Unit of the city of Chone, in the 2021-2022 school period. The stated objective was to determine the creativity in the acquisition of cognitive skills in the students of the upper basic. The study was developed under a mixed approach, since, due to its variables, it was necessary to combine both approaches, measure them on a scale and finally analyze them; based on a field and documentary bibliographical investigation; using the interview with the rector of the educational institution, and the survey with nine objective questions addressed to teachers, parents and students; where the failures of the teacher's participation in the classroom were evidenced in a large percentage, such as: planning with non-creative didactic resources; limited training on innovative teaching strategies; and, decreased stimulation of cognitive development.

In alphabetic languages like ours, learning to write requires awareness of the phonological structure of speech. Phonological awareness is the ability to access the structure of the oral language and be aware of the phonological segments of words. The purpose of the work is to carry out an analysis on the importance of the teaching of phonemes, as a key element for the development of the subject of language in the students at elementary school of the Educational Unit Fisco Misional Cinco de Mayo of the Chone Canton in the period 2021-2022, as well as the strong relationship that exists between the development of oral language and the skills that favor phonological knowledge in elementary school students. The research is based on a bibliographic review and descriptive work, which made it possible to characterize the impact of phonemes on the development of language in elementary school students and it was possible to verify the strong relationship that exists between the development of oral language and the skills that favor phonological knowledge in students.