Gixhari B., Pavelková M., Ismaili H., Vrapi H., Jaupi A., : Genetic diversity of Albanian pea (Pisum sativum L.) landraces assessed by morphological traits and molecular markers. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 50: 177-184.In order to investigate the genetic diversity present in the pea germplasm stored in the Albanian genebank, we analyzed 28 local pea genotypes of Albanian origins for 23 quantitative morphological traits, as well as 14 retrotransposonbased insertion polymorphism (RBIP) molecular markers. The study of morphological characters carried out during three growing seasons (2010, 2011 and 2012) had the objective of characterization of traits useful in breeding programs. RBIP marker analysis revealed the genetic similarity in range from 0.06 to 0.45. ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis was used to visualize the association among different traits. Most of the quantitative morphological traits showed significant differences. PCA and cluster analysis (Ward's method) carried out for morphological traits divided the local pea genotypes into three clusters. Finally, the study identified the agronomicaly important traits which will facilitate the maintenance and agronomic evaluation of the collections.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic variability of 18 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes by quantitative agro-morphological traits, and to identify factors affecting the cultivars grain yield. A two years study (2017-2019) was conducted at the Experimental Field of the Agricultural University of Tirana (altitude of 40 m above the sea level, Latitude 41°24'6.14"N and Longitude 19°44'9.93"E). Plant material used, is part of the 270 accessions of the base collection of the Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. During the growing crop years, the accessions were evaluated for different quantitative characters and morphological characterization of the accessions was conducted according to international standards. ANOVA, principal components and cluster analysis were carried out involving nine quantitative traits, such as tiller capacity, plant height, spike length, number of spikelet's per spike, number of seeds per spikelet, number of seeds per spike, weight of seeds per spike, weight of 1000 seeds and grain yield. According to PCA, three components exhibited about 75.51% of the variability within 18 wheat genotypes. Accessions were grouped into three major clusters based on Euclidean distance, suggesting that wheat genotypes with major level of dissimilarity between them were "Generozo" and "Ejesh". The results revealed that tiller capacity, number of seeds per spikelet, weight of seeds per spike/g and weight of 1000 seeds/g were the most important characters in differentiating the genotypes. Wheat genotypes used in this study reacted differently in the two growing seasons, giving high results in most of the traits that contribute directly in grain yield during 2017/2018 crop year. The use of principal component and correlation coefficient analysis in the wheat germplasm, simplify dependable classification of bread wheat germplasm, the identification of the superior genotypes and their relation with bio morphological traits with possibility expenditure in future breeding programs.
IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION OF POTATO(Solanum tuberosum L). CULTIVARS SUMMARY In vitro micropropagation is an alternative to conventional (vegetative) propagation of potatoes whereas aseptically meristem cultures were used which gave pathogen free plants. Different sterilization protocols were used for disinfecting the isolates potato sprouts from two potato genotypes named Excuisita and Bergerac. After 35-40 days of culture shoot height, number of shoots per explants, and number of roots were measured. It was found that the suitable sterilization protocol giving high percentages of survived individuals was that of 1% HgCl 2 . The sterilized sprouts were cut to isolate apical meristems which were cultured on shoot induction medium containing solidified MS media with vitamins and exogenous plant growth regulators and incubated at optimized culture conditions in room culture. The cultivar Bergerac showed greater ability for in vitro propagation with 6.3 shoots per explants but Excuisita plantlets presented higher shoot length (72.5 mm). The aim of the study was the presentation of suitable protocol for in vitro induction of potato plantlets stocks free of pathogens.
Juniperus communis L. is a widely spread scrub throughout the territory of Albania. Berries export plays an important role in the economic aspect of the population of Albania. Juniper fruits were collected from five wild population in the South region of Albania: Voskopoje, Erseke, Leskovik, Miras with the aim of investigating the effect of environmental factors and soil composition elements on the chemical composition and the natural variation of the essential oils between. The Juniper berries are collected at them same natural sites for two years (2017-2018 dried in the shade at room temperature and the essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus for 4 h at a distillation rate of 3 mL.min−1. The essential oil components were identified by GC-FID and GC/MC analysis. The EO yield differed depending on the population origin and ranged between 1.5-3 % on the first year based on the dry weight (v/w, based on the dry weight) and during the second year the essential oils content varied at a range 1.6-2.8 %. The principal components of the Juniperus communis L. berries essential oils were αpinene, myrcene, β-pinene, sabinene, limonene, terpinene-4-ol, belonging mainly to monoterpenes class. The dominant component was α-pinene present in all the samples taken in consideration. Referred to the statistical analyses held in this study we assumed that in populations of Juniperus communis L. the environmental factors have a significant affect in the quantity, quality and composition of the essential oils concluding that soil types and specific elements like PH and humus content had had effected on chemical constitutions of essential oil in the investigated populations. According to the results and to the composition of EO in juniper berries in southeast part of Albania we can assign that it belongs to α-pinene chemotype.
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