Many works are related to the analysis and control of either continuous or else discrete time-delay systems. In general, discrete-time controls have become more and more preferable in engineering because of their easy implementation and simple computation. However, the available discretization approaches for the systems having time delays increase the system dimensions and have a high computational cost. The case studies in this chapter support the efficiency of the two methods. However, the discretization of continuous time-delay systems has not been sufficiently/extensively studied in many works. In this work, the authors present two methods of the effective discretization approach for the continuous-time systems with an input and output delays. Sampled-data time-delay systems with internal and external point delays are described by approximate discrete time-delay systems in the discrete domain. These approximate discrete systems allow the hybrid control of time-delay systems.

The chapter presents the recent studies focusing on optimizing the efficiency of air-conditioning (AC) systems using solar energy. For this purpose, several advanced AC plants (absorption, adsorption, and desiccant) are designed. Their technology and components are described in this chapter. It also discusses the energy intake of the solar energy use in airconditioning, especially in rural regions where the electricity shortage is frequent, as well as the reduction of the energy costs and the pollution rate. A comparison between solar AC systems and traditional AC systems at the level of the designs, costs, and effectiveness is made at the end of the chapter.

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