BACKGROUND:The Providence Diabetes Collective Impact Initiative (DCII) was designed to address the clinical challenges of type 2 diabetes and the social determinants of health (SDoH) challenges that exacerbate disease impact. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the impact of the DCII, a multifaceted intervention approach to diabetes treatment that employed both clinical and SDoH strategies, on access to medical and social services. DESIGN: The evaluation employed a cohort design and used an adjusted difference-in-difference model to compare treatment and control groups. PARTICIPANTS: Our study population consisted of 1220 people (740 treatment, 480 control), aged 18-65 years old with a pre-existing type 2 diabetes diagnosis who visited one of the seven Providence clinics (three treatment and four control) in the tri-county area of Portland, Oregon, between August 2019 and November 2020. INTERVENTIONS:The DCII threaded together clinical approaches such as outreach, standardized protocols, and diabetes self-management education and SDoH strategies including social needs screening, referral to a community resource desk, and social needs support (e.g., transportation) to create a comprehensive, multi-sector intervention. MAIN MEASURES: Outcome measures included SDoH screens, diabetes education participation, HbA1c, blood pressure, and virtual and in-person primary care utilization, as well as inpatient and emergency department hospitalization. KEY RESULTS: Compared to patients at the control clinics, patients at DCII clinics saw an increase in diabetes education (15.5%, p<0.001), were modestly more likely to receive SDoH screening (4.4%, p<0.087), and had an increase in the average number of virtual primary care visits of 0.35 per member, per year (p<0.001). No differences in HbA1c, blood pressure, or hospitalization were observed. CONCLUSIONS: DCII participation was associated with improvements in diabetes education use, SDoH screening, and some measures of care utilization.

This study aimed to describe participants' experiences of Pathways, a community hub care coordination model, including its impact on their lives and their relationship with the Pathways community health worker (CHW). The research team conducted semistructured, in-depth interviews with Pathways participants (n = 13) and analyzed interviews using thematic analysis. Interviews reveal how Pathways helps individuals navigate systems more confidently, increases access to needed resources, and improves well-being. CHWs defined participants' experience, providing a safe, reliable setting to make progress toward goals. Our findings support the evidence base for Pathways as an effective model of care coordination for people with complex needs.