Bénédicte Brac de la Perrière « Les naq sont là ! » Représentation et expérience dans la possession d'esprit birmane S'il est considéré par certains bouddhistes birmans avec une certaine suspicion, le culte des Trente-sept Seigneurs est toutefois un versant bien connu de leur religiosité. Ce culte réunit en un panthéon national un certain nombre d'esprits (naq) qui sont principalement les figures tutélaires de Birmanie centrale. Il donne lieu à des cérémonies hautes en couleur et éminemment festives (nague 'na bwè) au cours desquelles ces esprits s'incarnent chacun à leur tour dans leurs médiums, dansant, consommant les offrandes qui leur sont présentées et échangeant avec leurs dévots. Nous le verrons, cette forme de possession, positive, ritualisée et institutionnalisée, caractérise le culte des Trente-sept Seigneurs. Elle est la principale « manifestation » de ces derniers dans ce monde, celle par laquelle dévots et médiums en font l'expérience.
In this paper, the religious donation-meaning oriented interactions that occur between a lay donor and his or her monastic recipient or between laypeople and religious institutions as a whole-is first examined in the Burmese Buddhist context, in regard to the Maussian theory of the gift. The formal analysis of 'serving rice' to monks during their daily alms tour, the main form of religious donation, demonstrates that it is in keeping with the definition of a free gift rather than involving reciprocity, although it is supposed to be rewarded by merit through an impersonal process. Then, moving from a formal analysis of the ethnography of religious donation (ahlu) to the contextual analysis of the differentiated uses of various forms of giving in contemporary Burma, the discussion aims at highlighting differences with practices of 'ritual offering' (kadaw bwe) and 'humanitarian aid'(ke hse yay) showing how these different forms of interaction shape contrasted fields of practice. The transaction occurring in religious donations then emerges as setting into motion a crucial social process, the enactment and reproduction of the difference in status between monastics and laypeople that is one of the main social processes contributing to the differentiation of a Buddhist-defined 'religious field'.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.